Guy Lane, Vita Sapiens founder. Can this new religion save the planet?
Normally, I am upbeat about all this environmental stuff, but today, I feel glum. Maybe I am hung-over from the session of wine and talk with my friend, last night. We were up until all-hours discussing the abruptness of climate change, biosphere collapse, and the near total absence of transition to a sustainable global economy.
Fortunately, I know this glumness will soon pass because I have a powerful antidote to the sadness that comes from being awake to the reality of the Anthropocene.
You see, I am Vitan which means that I follow Vita Sapien Organization (VISO) that advances Vita Worldview, Lifewise Philosophy, and Vita Religion.
Vita is very different from the normal sort of religion we are familiar with as it doesn’t hold a position on the existence of God/s or an eternal soul. Instead, it is a nature-based religion devoted to our Living Planet.
Vita Religion teaches all life on Earth – plus the ocean, atmosphere, and soil – form part of a single living being called Vitae-planeta, of which we humans are part. Some readers will recognize this concept by other names such as Gaia, Mother Nature, Pachamama and so one. It’s the idea that the biosphere is a single living entity
Vita Religion teaches that all the living things on Earth – including we humans – are cells in the body of Vitae-planeta and that she maintains the temperature and chemistry of the ocean and atmosphere to foster an abundance of life on Earth. She has been doing this successfully for billions of years.
Guy Lane, Vita Sapien
When Vitae-planeta is in good health, Planet Earth is an abundant home for humans providing everything that we need to live healthy, happy, and productive lives.
Vita Religion does not regard Vitae-planeta as a God, or a deity. Vitae-planeta is not conscious or self-aware. Vitae-planeta didn’t create the Universe, and Vitae-planeta doesn’t observe you or make judgements about your behavior.
Instead, Vitae-planeta is an emergent property of the natural laws of the Universe playing out through the tapestry of life on Earth. Vitae-planeta is Planet Earth’s version of Pananima, and there are probably trillions of Pananimas throughout the Universe on planets that are in the Habitable Zone of their star where liquid water exists.
Vita Religion details how you can live a meaningful life, a happy, contented life. Which brings me back to my gloomy disposition, today.
Vita Sapien, Guy Lane creates a new religion, a nature-based religion devoted to our Living Planet
As a follower of Vita Religion, I choose not to close my eyes to what we humans are doing to Living Planet, of which I am a part.
Fortunately, Vita’s philosophical foundation offers enlightenment on these matters.
To be enlightened is to understand how things really are, and Vita is a unique religion in that its teachings are grounded in environmental science and framed by ecological spirituality.
Furthermore, unlike most religions that have a fixed texts, Vita Religion’s texts are continually being written in scientific research institutes around the world. In addition, the core texts are planned to drift overtime to keep in synch with the cultural zeitgeist of the time.
This is important as the adherence to science allows Vita Religion to offer an evidence-based pathway for humans and the other species of Earth to co-exist deep into the Long Future.
The concept of the Long Future says that our planet will be habitable for life for several billions of years if it is not destroyed by human agency, first.
If we humans can radically change our ways, it is conceivable that our race could exist for millions more years on this Earth.
However, for this to happen we need to learn how to become wise stewards of the whole Earth system.
Can we do this? I believe we can.
Will we do this? I’m listening to the oil men plotting our future at COP28. It’s not looking good, right now.
If you read the science of climate, Planetary Boundaries, and the Anthropocene, you will understand that we humans have triggered a perfect storm that may yet be fatal. We may have already passed major climactic tipping points that will set our biosphere on the path towards a rerun of the Permian Extinction – the Great Dying – that killed-off more than 80 percent of all living things on Earth, some 253 million years ago.
While this may be the case, it also may not. So, while we are still breathing, we should make haste to implement the antidote for these human-caused woes. The antidote is action, and lots of it.
If enough people believe, know and practice accordingly, we may be able to avert this looming extinction and instead live to enjoy the Verdant Age, the time when humans and the Living Planet thrive in synergy.
It is believed that there are around 53 million people who would adopt Vita Worldview, Lifewise Philosophy, and maybe even Vita Religion once the idea is put before them in a compelling manner. One aspect of this enrolment is fostering rapid, mass-ecophany.
Ecophany is the idea of a spiritual, intellectual, or emotional awaking to the wonder of our Living Planet and the dread of what will befall us if we let her remain in ill health.
Vita Sapien Organisation is developing Ecophany Programs to help millions of people wake and stand up for the Living Planet.
53 million people is a lot of people. That’s 8% of the Western Adults. To put this number into context, Extinction Rebellion literature suggests that no non-violent rebellion has failed with 3.5% of the public were actively involved.
Vita Sapien Organization believes that only a spiritual awakening to nature in tens of millions of people can prevent the heat death of the human race. Vita Worldview, Lifewise Philosophy and Vita Religion can help make this happen.
Given that baboons we associated with the ancient Egyptian gods of Thoth and Babi, you would guess that captive baboons in ancient Egypt lived like a pharaoh or at least a prince.
Yet a new study of baboon remains mummified 2500 to 2800 years ago at a sacred animal necropolis near Luxor, Egypt published in the journal PLOS ONE, suggests otherwise.
Out of 36 baboon skeletons analyzed (including skulls pictured above), researchers found all but four of them showed evidence of metabolic diseases and deformed bones, typical of conditions such as rickets that stem from vitamin D deficiency.
The study suggests that the apes’ captors fed them an unbalanced diet and kept them indoors all the time without sunlight—possibly to prevent them from escaping. This was no isolated incident: Baboon remains mummified elsewhere in Egypt around the same time carry similar bone deformations, the study researchers say.
Animal rights is a relatively new concept. And still hundreds of millions of farms animals are still being kept in tiny cages.
Related: Turks try to revive Thoth – the Syrian bald ibis. According to local legend in the Birecik area of Turkey, the northern bald ibis was one of the first birds that Noah released from the Ark as a symbol of fertility.
An interfaith walk from the Faith Pavilion at COP28 in Dubai, UAE
To promote interfaith climate action, faith communities came together to host the first-ever robust Faith Pavilion at a UN climate conference, COP28. The Faith Pavilion featured 65 sessions and 325 speakers, and took place at COP28, the UN climate conference that concluded last week in Dubai, UAE. Among the speakers were Pope Francis (via video), Sadhguru, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, the Grand Imam of Al Azar El Tayeb (via video), and Chief Rabbi David Rosen.
The first chapter of Genesis records that after creating the world, God saw creation and ‘behold it was very good.’ Out of our love for this wondrous and majestic world that we are blessed to live in can emerge a call to protect it and take responsibility for it. You can read Eco Bible for a new Jewish take on planet and faith. It was co-authored by Rabbis Yonatan Neril and Leo Dee.
Eco Bible
The Faith Pavilion mobilized faith leaders and communities to call for urgent climate action, inspire the world with solutions, and demonstrate the pivotal role of faith communities in tackling the climate crisis in support of people and the planet. During COP28, faith communities issued a Call to Action urging for more ambitious agreements, reflecting the values of justice, interconnectedness and compassion for those most affected.
Situated at the heart of COP28, adjacent to the Global Climate Action Hub, the Faith Pavilion brought together religious and other civil society representatives, Indigenous Peoples, scientists, youth, and political leaders. As a hub for sessions, advocacy and media, the Faith Pavilion furthered the leadership role of religion and spirituality in the climate movement.
The case of Samira Sabzian didn’t end well. The child bride from Iran was married at 15 and then jailed at 19 after murdering her abusive husband. She was in prison for 10 years and was executed yesterday, age 29, in the Ghezel Hesar prison in Karaj, said the Norway-based Iran Human Rights (IHR) group. She was executed by hanging.
“Samira was a victim of years of gender apartheid, child marriage and domestic violence, and today she fell victim to the incompetent and corrupt regime’s killing machine,” IHR director Mahmood-Amiry Moghaddam said.
Samira Sabzian
During her detention Sabzian was denied meeting her children according to Iranian activists, one who shared her jail cell. And this was a source of great suffering to her.
Sabzian was hanged at dawn yesterday based on Iran’s sharia murder laws that come from a principle of ‘qesas’ (retribution in kind).
Human rights groups say the laws don’t take domestic violence into consideration. The victim’s family, however, can choose whether to accept the death penalty or ask for financial compensation. Sabzian’s husband’s parents asked for the death penalty.
According to IHR,18 women have been executed this year including Samira Sabzian. The rights groups says there is a surge in executions in Iran that put 115 people put to death in November alone. Amnesty International said Iran is authoring a “horrific state-sanctioned killing spree”.
Niloufar Mardani, a world leading athlete and veterinarian was threatened by the regime when she competed without a hijab.
Following the 1979 revolution, Islamic sharia law came into effect and the hijab, or full body covering, became a compulsory dress code for women in Iran. Since then, women have been required to wear the hijab, or face harassment and legal consequences from the morality police. Iran is also using face ID technology to catch women “criminals”.
Women who don’t comply might also be “disappeared” and whisked away into vans. This is what has happened in the past to well-known bloggers Green Prophet has interviewed like Hossein Derakhshan and to Faranak Farid who was beaten and tortured for trying to protect a disappearing salt lake, Lake Orumieh.
Bread holds a special place in Middle Eastern culture, serving not only as a staple food but also as a symbol of hospitality, community, and tradition. The diverse and rich history of the Middle East is reflected in its bread-making techniques, which vary across regions. In this guide, we’ll explore the fascinating world of Middle Eastern bread traditions, from the ingredients used to the methods employed in creating these delectable staples.
Varieties of Middle Eastern Bread: Middle Eastern countries boast a wide array of bread varieties, each with its unique flavor, texture, and purpose. Some of the most prominent types include:
Naan: A leavened, oven-baked flatbread common in Iran, Central Asia, and parts of the Middle East.
Lavash: A thin, unleavened flatbread with a soft texture, often used for wrapping or dipping. Lavash is one of the most widespread types of bread in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.
Markook: Also known as “Arabian Mountain Bread,” this thin, unleavened bread is commonly enjoyed in Levantine countries. Markook shrak is a type of thin bread. The dough is unleavened and usually made with only flour, water, and salt, and after being rested and divided into round portions, flattened and spread across a round cushion until it is thin then flipped onto the saj. It is often folded and put in bags before being sold.
Jump down to the bottom of this article where you will get recipes for breads from Morocco, Yemen, Iraq, The Emirates, Yemen, Israel and Jordan.
Traditional Techniques:Haguy Ben Yehuda making emmer wheat into sourdough bread
Tandoor Oven: In some regions, bread is baked in a traditional tandoor oven, which imparts a unique smoky flavor and a characteristic texture.
Griddle Baking: Flatbreads like pita and lavash are often cooked on a griddle or saj (convex griddle), allowing for quick and even cooking.
Sourdough Fermentation: Some traditional breads, such as Persian Barbari, use natural sourdough fermentation for leavening, resulting in a tangy flavor.
Ceremonial and Festive Breads:Oriental bread moulds used for Christenings, Eid or good celebrations. Image via Lebanon Postcard.
Eid Bread: During festive occasions like Eid, special bread varieties are prepared, such as the sweet Iranian Noon-e Sheereen. They resemble the festive bread of the Bukharian Jews.
Wedding Bread: In many Middle Eastern cultures, weddings are celebrated with elaborate bread designs and decorations, symbolizing prosperity and fertility. In Spain there is wedding bread dance where the bread goes on the head.
Culinary Customs:
Bread as a Utensil: In some Middle Eastern countries, bread is used as a utensil for scooping up food, emphasizing communal eating.
This is a couple eating hummus.
Bread and Dips: Various breads are served alongside an assortment of dips, like hummus, baba ganoush, and tahini.
Middle Eastern bread traditions are deeply rooted in history, reflecting the diverse cultures and culinary practices of the region. Whether it’s the comforting aroma of baking bread in a tandoor or the joy of tearing into a freshly baked pita, the bread culture in the Middle East is a testament to the importance of this humble yet essential food item in daily life. As you delve into the world of Middle Eastern bread, you’ll discover not only delicious flavors but also a rich tapestry of traditions that have stood the test of time.
So you are a fan of olives. Or at least olive trees. You’ve been to Italy, France, Lebanon or Greece and you want to remember that Mediterranean feeling? Or you live in the Med region and want some trees for your garden or home. We got a lovely olive tree in a pot once for a birthday gift and after a couple of months, it died. Verdict? Too much love.
As a fan of olive trees, you will be very happy to receive a piece of your favorite olive tree on your birthday. But plants are alive after all, and they will be lost one day. As a gift, you might as well customize the olive tree into Custom Keychains. Such Custom Keychains are not only in the shape of your friend’s favorite olive tree but can also be kept with you forever.
You have planted an olive tree in a pot or container to keep indoors or on your walkway and it’s been a couple of years. How can you take care of your potted tree in the long run? Here is a quick guide.
The A-Z of Potting Olive Trees at Home
A dwarf olive tree. Bring it out in the sun when the weather is pleasant
In the world of gardening, the olive tree stands as an iconic symbol, known not only for its bountiful fruit but also for its silvery-green foliage and associations with peace and longevity. While the prospect of cultivating these magnificent trees may seem daunting, especially if space or climate constraints come into play, the concept of potting olive trees emerges as a versatile solution.
Whether you’re a seasoned gardener expanding your botanical repertoire or a novice eager to embark on a new green adventure, this guide equips you with the knowledge to infuse a touch of the Mediterranean into your living space.
Selecting the Right Olive Tree
Choosing the right olive tree is a crucial first step toward successful cultivation. Not all varieties are equally suited for pot cultivation, and considerations such as climate, pot size, and available sunlight should influence your choice.
Understanding Your Conditions
Before making a selection, assess your growing conditions. Olive trees generally prefer a warm, sunny, and dry Mediterranean climate. If you plan to keep the tree indoors or in a colder region, choose a variety adapted to those conditions.
The Arbequina olive tree, originating from Spain, is recognized as an excellent choice for indoor cultivation and container growth. Its compact size, hardiness, and quick fruiting make it a standout variety. Another suitable option is the Picholine olive tree, known for its compact nature and excellent table olives. For smaller spaces, consider dwarf varieties like the ‘Little Ollie,’ which provides the ornamental appeal of an olive tree without the size or fruit. Don’t be surprised if your indoor tree does not produce fruit. It takes a number of years for an outdoor tree to be robust.
Consider the age of the tree. While mature trees in pots offer instant visual impact, they can be more expensive and challenging to handle. Young trees require more time to reach maturity but are often more affordable and offer the satisfaction of watching them grow.
Essential Requirements for Growing Olive Trees
If you live in a Mediterrean climate you can keep the trees outdoors
Despite their hardiness, olive trees have specific needs that must be met for optimal growth. Understanding these requirements is crucial for successfully growing olive trees in pots.
Selecting an appropriate pot is critical. Ensure the pot is large enough to accommodate the root ball and has adequate drainage holes. A diameter approximately 10 cm larger than the root ball is a good starting point. Olive trees dislike waterlogged roots, so proper drainage is essential.
Olive trees are sun-lovers, needing at least six hours of sunlight daily. Place them in a sunny spot near a south-facing window if grown indoors or in a south-facing garden if outdoors. Adequate sunlight is crucial for their health and productivity.
Olive trees prefer a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Maintain a stable temperature between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit for indoor trees. Olive trees can tolerate some humidity, but in exceptionally dry indoor conditions, consider providing additional moisture with a humidifier.
While olive trees are drought-tolerant, they still require regular watering. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring and mid-summer to support growth and fruit production.
Olive trees thrive in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Commercial potting mixes with perlite or vermiculite work well, and some gardeners find success with cactus or succulent mixes.
How to Plant an Olive Tree in a Pot
Indoors or out. Olives are timeless in any season
Whether planting for the first time or repotting mature trees, the planting process is a rewarding experience. Follow these steps for successful planting:
Select a pot that is 2-3 inches larger in diameter than the root ball. Ensure it has adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Create a well-draining soil mix by combining standard potting soil with a grittier material like cactus soil or perlite.
Start by placing a layer of the soil mix in the pot, providing a base for the olive tree.
Gently tap the sides of the container to loosen the soil, and carefully remove the olive tree from its current pot, taking care not to damage the root ball.
Position the tree in the center of the new pot, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the rim of the pot or slightly lower.
Fill the pot with the remaining soil mix, firming it gently around the base of the tree.
Water the tree thoroughly, allowing water to drain out of the bottom of the pot to settle the soil around the roots.
Place the pot in a sunny spot and follow olive tree care guidelines, including regular watering, maintaining the appropriate temperature, and providing balanced slow-release fertilizer during the growing season.
Indoor Olive Tree Care
Growing olive trees indoors presents unique challenges, but with the right care, indoor trees can thrive. Focus on light, temperature, watering, fertilizing, pruning, and repotting for successful indoor cultivation.
Ensure your indoor olive tree receives at least six hours of sunlight daily. Place it near a south-facing window or use a grow light to supplement natural light. Maintain a stable temperature between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Olive tree indoors in a big pot
Troubleshooting Guide for Growing Olive Trees in Pots: Do’s and Don’ts
Cultivating olive trees in pots can be a rewarding endeavor, but it comes with its own set of challenges. From watering woes to potential pests, troubleshooting is a crucial aspect of ensuring the health and vitality of your potted olive tree. In this guide, we’ll explore common issues, what to avoid, and essential actions to take when things go awry.
What You Should Never Do:
Overwatering:
Signs: Yellowing leaves, wilting, and a soggy soil surface.
Never Do: Allow the soil to remain constantly wet. Olive trees prefer well-draining soil, and overwatering can lead to root rot.
Do: Check the moisture level before watering. Only water when the top inch of soil is dry. Ensure proper drainage by choosing the right pot and soil mix.
Underwatering:
Signs: Drooping leaves, leaf scorching, and dry, crumbly soil.
Never Do: Neglect regular watering. While olive trees are drought-tolerant, they still need consistent moisture.
Do: Establish a watering schedule, especially during hot and dry periods. Water deeply but infrequently to promote healthy root growth.
Ignoring Drainage Issues:
Signs: Waterlogged soil, foul odors, and wilting despite adequate watering.
Never Do: Use pots without drainage holes or neglect proper potting mix with good drainage.
Do: Ensure your pot has sufficient drainage holes, and consider adding materials like perlite or gravel to improve drainage.
Choosing the Wrong Pot:
Signs: Root circling, stunted growth, and instability.
Never Do: Opt for pots that are too small or lack stability.
Do: Select a pot that is 2-3 inches larger in diameter than the root ball. Choose sturdy pots to prevent toppling.
Neglecting Sunlight:
Signs: Sparse foliage, leggy growth, and overall poor vigor.
Never Do: Place the olive tree in a shaded or poorly lit area.
Do: Ensure your potted olive tree receives at least six hours of sunlight daily. If indoors, position it near a south-facing window or use supplemental lighting.
What You Should Do:
Monitor for Pests:
Signs: Yellowing leaves, distorted growth, or visible pests.
Do: Regularly inspect your olive tree for pests such as scale, aphids, or mealybugs. Treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Addressing Root Issues:
Signs: Circling roots, yellowing leaves, and poor growth.
Do: Repot your olive tree every 2-3 years to prevent root binding. Tease apart circling roots when repotting to encourage outward growth.
Protecting from Extreme Cold:
Signs: Frost damage, wilting, and leaf discoloration.
Do: Insulate the pot with bubble wrap or burlap in colder months. If possible, move potted olive trees indoors during freezing temperatures.
Appropriate Pruning:
Signs: Overgrown branches, uneven canopy, or lack of fruiting.
Do: Prune your olive tree in late winter or early spring. Remove dead or diseased branches and shape the tree for a balanced appearance.
Fertilizing Wisely:
Signs: Yellowing leaves, poor growth, or nutrient deficiency.
Do: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring and mid-summer. Avoid excessive fertilization, as olive trees are not heavy feeders.
Regular Inspection:
Signs: Unhealthy leaves, abnormal growth patterns, or changes in color.
Do: Regularly inspect your potted olive tree for any signs of stress or disease. Prompt identification and action can prevent larger issues.
Winter Care:
Signs: Frost damage, leaf drop, or wilting in cold temperatures.
Do: Provide winter care by insulating the pot, moving indoors if possible, and reducing watering frequency during dormant periods.
Growing olive trees in pots involves a combination of attentive care and timely interventions. By avoiding common pitfalls and addressing issues promptly, you can ensure your potted olive tree thrives, bringing the charm of the Mediterranean to your home or garden.
Environmentalists have been stressing the problems of modern construction and architecture for decades. Some of the biggest concerns are the use of concrete –– its impact on sand and carbon emissions, and its poor thermal capabilities. Or the fact that local materials just aren’t used enough. If you look at the rapid expansion of cities like Dubai, the problems are obvious: starchitects brought in from abroad to build a glittering city meant to support “the high life” and create a feeling of abundance among the sand dunes. As though sand dunes and deserts aren’t glorious enough.
What you get in Habitat, updated just last year, is a world of possibilities as we look forward to new sustainable practices that mesh with nature and the humanity in us. You get proven examples of low-cost sustainable architecture for every geographic and climatic region on this planet. You also get modern takes of vernacular values, and applications providing inspiration for architecture firms young and old.
An Emirati develops a beautiful pavillion from arish, date palm this year at Dubai Design Week. Not featured in the book, but a shining example of vernacular in the UAE
Your life as an architect or student can not be complete without owning a copy of this masterpiece of a book.
The problem I see in architecture today is a disconnect between architects, the investors in architecture and the approach to culture and place. Big firms still get the highest bids for so-called sustainable architecture, with firms like Foster + Partners and Zaha Hadid‘s firm winning the bids even when the plans for cities in Saudi Arabia could mean wiping out an island’s ecosystem or making no sense for the climate. There will be ski hills in the hot desert or a linear city that transects a mile of desert on the Red Sea. We learn from the ultra-modern zero-waste Masdar City that no-one wants to live in futuristic ideas alone. We also learn from Hasan Fathy that a local architect’s vision of mud housing may not fit the cultural needs of a people. How can we create a better fit? HABITAT offers some clues.
If you are an architect who wants a crash course on sustainable architecture this book is an antidote to the troubles to today’s senseless planning and construction industry.
HABITAT Vernacular Architecture for a Changing Climate
What I get from the book as I was thumbing through it: people need a human-scale approach to housing: that’s why we seek balconies, terraces and small gardens in the city. We feel better around trees and nature in any instance, and if you have had the chance to sleep in a home made from natural materials, you will agree it impacts your sleep and overall mood.
I’ve stayed in vernacular homes in Normandy, France (built with no nails); in mud and stone palaces in Syria, in caves in Cappadocia, in my own vernacularly built pioneer home in Canada; in Bedouin tents in Israel; I’ve stayed in strawbale homes with Bill and Athena Steen in Arizona, and I’d spent plenty of nights bamboo huts and homes in Thailand.
Laayoune Technology School in Morocco
What links all these remarkable dwellings is the local: homes and shelter built without architects or designers, built with local materials such as stones and wood, wool, mud and bamboo, and in a way anchored with ancient wisdom that kept climate in mind because that’s how people survived.
Every architecture student, practitioner and teacher needs to read Habitat: Vernacular Architecture for a Changing World by Thames & Hudson: It is a breathtaking and astounding encyclopaedia of natural building that can save our planet. Professionally speaking indigenous architecture is also called vernacular architecture. Vernacular is a great way to describe indigenous architecture as it can include materials from the built environment, as we see in images and descriptions of slums in Brazil and Africa.
Slums of Freetown, Sierra LeoneSouth Africa, Drakensberg, traditional Zulu hut
Habitat, recently updated in May 2023 since its original publication in 2017, and edited by architect Sandra Piesik, shows you the power of a dedicated publishing house in this book. It is a landmark publication signalling to every nation and people in the world to start cataloguing their vernacular before it it is lost. HABITAT can be the basis for a series of vernacular architecture books from every corner of the world.
Habitat contains over 1000 illustration, organised by the five major climate zones, covering polar, temperate, tropical, desert and continental, and more than eighty countries worldwide. The book reveals how people and cultures have adapted to their environment to make the best use of indigenous materials and construction techniques, and stresses the importance of preserving disappearing craftsmanship and local knowledge before it is too late. It is an invaluable resource document for the future generation who will shape our built environment.
Over in the Middle East we know that Hassan Fathy devoted decades of his life to building New Gourna, a model as architecture for the people. His experiment worked as a concept but did not spread as much as he would have wanted. An almost 500 pages of this book, includes the vernacular greats like Fathy, but it also serves to show the reader highly unusual and sometimes temporary structures built by tribes in the jungle, like the stilt houses of the Korowai people in New Guinea.
What gives the book credibility is the approximate 100 authors and researchers, leaders in their fields of sustainable architecture giving an historical, climatic and materials overview to their geographical sections. If you are dealing with climates and materials you can search in the notes and bibliography according to geography, climate regions, learning more than you thought you could know about local architecture around the world.
Cabana, Habitat and Lo-TEK books at home
A series of helpful essays and photos gives us a glance at how we can apply contemporary vernacular in today’s buildings, with a look at Morocco’s Technology School of Guelmim or Sabla’s Palm Leaf Shelter’s in Abu Dhabi. If I have one complaint about Habitat is that the photos are too incredible, the essays too information-filled that it makes reading the book from cover to cover an impossible task. It is the grandmother book to Lo-TEK, a book I own that covers radical indigenism in building, as the author puts it, or rather, radical ways to build using natural building materials and knowledge at hand.
Fenghuang, Xiangxi, China
Productive healthy, happy people need a roof over their heads –– one that offers an honorable, comfortable and secure place to live is something that everyone everywhere needs. If you have traveled to any desert in the Middle East or even Egypt, you will see people living in hobbled-together tin shacks, barely keeping out the freezing wind at night or the debilitating sun by day. Better-loved vernacular practices can show the people how to build better, and maintain the homes with local materials.
Don’t think this is just an idea for developing countries. The tiny home and global nomad movements in America, Europe and Canada are fuelled by economics. People don’t want to spend their lives working for the home they don’t get time to live in. People want to live not to spend their lives working.
An interview with the editor of HABITAT Sandra Piesek
Sandra Piesek
Sandra Piesik is an award-winning architect, author, and scientist specialising in a diverse range of subjects from art and design to the implementation of global sustainable legislation, nature-based solutions, innovation, technology transfer, and contemporary adaptation of traditional knowledge. She is the founder of 3 ideas, an Amsterdam-based consultancy, a member of the New European Bauhaus EU initiative, an advisor to UNFCCC, and a former senior consultant to UNFCCC, UNCCD, and UN-HABITAT Global Solutions Division on territorial integration. She’s also edited a book on Arish – Palm leaf architecture.
Here is our interview with her:
What inspired you to start this massive undertaking of cataloguing the world’s vernacular architecture.
I was invited by Thames & Hudson to edit HABITAT in London in 2012, following our previous book ‘Arish: Palm – Leaf Architecture’, which coincided with the first European Exhibition on Date Palm Leaf Architecture in the United Arab Emirates at The Royal Geographical Society in London in 2012. The genesis of understanding vernacular architecture came from my research in the UAE focused on date palm architecture and conviction that it holds solutions to some of the pressing challenges of our times.
HABITAT seems very neutral. What is your approach with the book?
HABITAT is structured around five climate zones of the planet, based on the Köppen Geiger climate classification. We focused on the geography and ecosystems, and by doing so we provided evidence of an intrinsic relationship and co-dependency of the built environment with individual climate zones, their natural resources, and the built environment. I have to credit 143 contributors from over 50 countries and the Thames & Hudson editorial team.
Despite your neutrality, do you have 3 favorite vernacular architects? Who are they?
Moist clay conical house, Bolovia and above people from the Chipaya salt flats via GSTIC
Vernacular architecture is ‘architecture without architects’ in other words indigenous peoples of the past were all architects creating bio-design masterpieces based on one fundamental skill: their capacity to observe nature. My favorite case studies are from Bolivia, where Chipaya indigenous peoples worked as civil engineers at the regional scale redirecting rivers and intervening in the ecology of the salt flats in Bolivia, vernacular architecture there is a by-product of environmental activities. In China, Kam communities embraced agroforestry, and their spectacular drum towers as well as timber architecture reflect the regional bioeconomy. I must also mention Liwa Oasis in the United Arab Emirates and a date palm leaf architecture by Bedouin tribes of the Rub Al Khali desert, whom I had the privilege to meet in person.
What are the biggest lessons architecture students can take from this book?
The intrinsic relationship and interconnectedness of the built environment with its natural ecosystems and climate zones. Contextualization of architecture and urbanism within bio-economic activities, giving birth to bio-circular economy and bioregional approaches 12,000 years ago. Frugal innovation derived from the observation of nature and shaping an identity of the place through ornamentation and design.
We see catastrophic situations for refugees and migrants around the world. In Gaza, Syria, Afghanistan. What kinds of projects could scale quickly to get decent and local housing for people in a crisis? Do you have any thoughts for architects building shelter?
Abeer Seikaly’s Woven Shelters for refugees in concept only
The fundamental issue here is to bring geography to the discussion on climate change, which has been absent in recent years. Understanding the interconnectedness between climate change, agriculture, provision of jobs, and livelihood strategies would reduce migration and allow for holistic approaches. The demand for emergency accommodation is increasing all over the world. Cities like New York work within the existing urban fabric, historically the Gulf basin cities provided accommodation for the refugees in the peri-urban areas and what is needed are livelihood strategies in addition to housing alone, as well as a socio-economic mix to building shelters.
What would you like to see less of in architecture?
De-globalization and de-westernisation of architecture will lead us to new bio-regional models of urbanism which the planet and its peoples desperately need. Narrow and sectorial approaches to the built environment limit our capacity to address the multidimensional challenges of our time, and I hope that the future will bring broader perspectives. I also think that quantitative approaches to sustainability focusing purely on metrics limit the role of architects’ qualitative and creative approaches and this is what historically we as architects had to offer.
I would like to see more bio-regional initiatives such as the New European Bauhaus embracing sustainability, inclusion, and beauty adopted by various regions across the world within their own ecological, cultural, and social domains. I would like to see more of the plurality of approaches, where once again we will be able to co-create new forms of regional cultures. I hope that in 2024 and the future, we will be able to base all our actions and decisions on the positive impact we are making on nature and each other.
About the publisher of Habitat
Thames & Hudson is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts. It also publishes books on archaeology, history, and popular culture.
Flooring options play a significant role in the environmental impact of our living spaces. As concerns about climate change and resource depletion grow, consumers are increasingly seeking sustainable alternatives. In this article, we will explore three popular sustainable flooring options: bamboo, carpet, linoleum, rubber, cork or new or upcycled wood, and poured concrete, considering their environmental impact, certifications, and pros and cons.
Is Timber Flooring Sustainable?
Wood is a natural and renewable source of flooring, but its sustainability depends on responsible sourcing and harvesting practices. In the past, a significant portion of timber imports involved illegal logging, contributing to deforestation and environmental degradation. However, recent efforts have been made to address these issues.
Buying Recycled Timber
One of the most sustainable options is using recycled (reclaimed or upcycled) timber boards. These have a lower environmental impact than new plantation hardwood timbers, which can take up to a century to grow. Recycled timber also provides an opportunity to use rare hardwoods that are challenging to find in today’s market. Companies specializing in reclaimed floorboards or those selling boards from demolished buildings are good sources.
Certified Sustainable Timber
Another responsible choice is certified sustainable timber. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is a globally recognized accreditation program that ensures timber comes from sustainably managed forests. FSC-certified timber, whether from a plantation or a native forest, indicates adherence to sustainable principles. Additionally, the Australian Forestry Standard (AFS) certification is recognized by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Scheme (PEFC).
Ecospecifier’s “Green Tag” and Good Environmental Choice
Google search for eco-friendly floors and these are the options. Know any more? Earthen floors…
Ecospecifier’s “Green Tag” is an eco-label for green building materials, rating products based on their total life cycle. Another reliable certification is the Good Environmental Choice label, which indicates a product’s environmental performance from a holistic perspective. These certifications help consumers make informed choices when selecting sustainable flooring options.
Beware of False Claims
While certifications provide a level of assurance, it’s essential to be cautious of false eco-labels or green claims. Some products may have multiple wood layers, with only a fraction certified. Buyers should carefully read certification details and ask for proof from suppliers. Checking lists of certified timber suppliers on the websites of organizations like FSC, AFS, Greenpeace, and Ecospecifier can help ensure credibility.
Which Wooden Timbers Are Sustainable?
Certain types of timber are more sustainable than others. Rubberwood from old rubber trees, FSC-certified or Ecotimber, New Guinea teak, FSC-plantation eucalypt, and bamboo are considered sustainable choices. On the flip side, timbers like Burmese teak, African mahogany, merbau, ramin, and meranti are best avoided due to sustainability concerns.
Bamboo flooring has gained popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional hardwood. Harvesting fast-growing bamboo is believed to have fewer environmental and greenhouse impacts compared to timber. However, some bamboo flooring is manufactured using glue that may emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Consumers should research and choose bamboo floorboards with low-emission glues to minimize environmental impact.
Environmental Considerations Around Flooring
Embodied Energy
Embodied energy refers to the energy used in producing a material. Choosing flooring with the least materials helps minimize environmental impact. For hard flooring like timber, avoiding additional carpeting is advised, as carpet production involves significant materials and energy.
Regular Floor Cleaning
The energy spent on cleaning floors is a substantial environmental consideration. Carpets, being high-maintenance surfaces, contribute more to environmental impact than hard floors like bamboo, stone, or concrete. Low-maintenance surfaces are preferable for sustainability. Look for eco-friendly cleaning options.
Durability
The durability of a flooring material influences its long-term environmental impact. Hard floors such as timber, stone, concrete, and tiles tend to last longer than carpets. Longer-lasting materials require fewer resources over time, contributing to sustainability.
Floor Finishes
Even eco-friendly flooring can be compromised by high-embodied energy finishes. Choosing natural-oil hard-finish coatings over potentially toxic polyurethane coatings enhances the sustainability of the overall flooring system.
Toxic Emissions
Certain floor coverings emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can pose health risks. Adequate ventilation is essential, but avoiding materials known for high VOC emissions, such as some carpets, contributes to healthier indoor air quality.
Thermal Mass
Flooring materials with high thermal mass, like stone, tile, concrete, rammed earth, and bricks, contribute to energy efficiency. However, covering these materials with carpet or other finishes diminishes their thermal mass benefits. Consideration should be given to balancing insulation and thermal mass benefits.
Using Carpet Sustainably
For those who prefer carpet, sustainable options include buying second-hand carpets, choosing products made from recycled materials, and minimizing waste through systems like carpet tiles. Additionally, natural fiber carpets like coir, sisal, or seagrass from sustainable sources offer eco-friendly alternatives.
Pros and Cons of Different Sustainable Floor Types
Can contain toxic plasticizers and lead-based stabilizers that off gas.
Made from petroleum-based materials.
Not recyclable.
What floor choice is for you?
Sustainable flooring is a critical component of environmentally conscious living. By choosing eco-friendly options, consumers can contribute to a healthier planet. From recycled timber to bamboo and resilient floors, each sustainable flooring type has its advantages and considerations. As global awareness grows, and certifications become more widely recognized, it’s easier for consumers to make informed decisions about sustainable flooring. The global perspective on eco-friendly flooring emphasizes the importance of responsible sourcing, embodied energy, durability, and maintenance considerations.
Iran and the Hezbollah terror group under the leadership of Mohammad Ali Merhi were identified as the entities behind an attempted cyber attack on an Israeli hospital in November. The attack was on the Ziv Medical Center and was orchestrated by Iran and a Hezbollah cyber group meant to disrupt the functioning of the hospital. The attack failed but the cyber criminals did publish patient’s data online, according to a press release sent to Green Prophet.
Israel’s National Cyber Directorate, the IDF, and the Israeli Security Agency, investigated and found the attack was done by Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence, with the involvement of Hezbollah cyber unit. The attack happened about three weeks ago.
The attack was thwarted before it could successfully disrupt hospital operations and impact medical treatment, but the attackers managed to steal sensitive data stored in the hospital’s systems. In joint efforts with the State Prosecutor’s office to protect patients privacy, channels containing sensitive data were promptly removed, says a report issued bu Israel National Cyber Directorate.
Slaughterhouse pollution is harmful communities in America. Learn from the American experience to improve your laws locally.
More than 17,000 animals are killed each minute in slaughterhouses across the United States. Slaughterhouse byproducts such as fat, bone, blood, and feathers often are sent to rendering facilities for conversion into tallow, lard, animal meal, and other products. The runoff from byproducts harms people as it flows into rivers and streams eventually polluting the land and the people drinking from aquifers.
If you look at news around the world, slaughterhouses or abattoirs, are dumping waste with no regard to the environment. See Tunisia, India, England.
Both slaughterhouses and rendering facilities require a near-constant flow of water, and they discharge staggering quantities of dangerous and damaging water pollution into rivers and streams, including millions of pounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, along with bacteria, grease, and other pollutants.
Today, the US Environmental Protection Agency (known as the EPA) proposed new water pollution control standards for slaughterhouses and rendering facilities. This is after a victorious lawsuit started by a number of lawsuits from community and conservation organizations. The new rules could help to prevent at least 100 million pounds per year of water pollution by strengthening or imposing standards on a fraction of the country’s approximately 5,000 slaughterhouses and rendering facilities, which together are leading sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.
Polluted water in Iraq
Water pollution from slaughterhouses and rendering facilities threatens human health and the environment. For instance, exposure to nitrogen compounds in drinking water can cause colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, birth defects, and—in infants under six months of age—methemoglobinemia, or “blue baby syndrome,” a potentially fatal condition. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution feed algal growth, which can render water unsafe for drinking, unfit for recreation, and uninhabitable for aquatic life.
As algae die and decompose, they consume oxygen, giving rise to “dead zones” in iconic waterways such as Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.
Alexis Andiman, Earthjustice attorney
“Pollution from slaughterhouses and rendering facilities disproportionately harms under-resourced communities, low-income communities, and communities of color,” said Earthjustice attorney Alexis Andiman.
Pollution from slaughterhouses and rendering facilities exacerbates environmental injustice. Most slaughterhouses and rendering facilities are located within one mile of populations that, on average, the EPA classifies as “low income,” “linguistically isolated,” or at high risk of exposure to toxic substances.
To make matters worse, slaughterhouses and rendering facilities are often located near additional slaughterhouses, rendering facilities, concentrated animal feeding operations, and other sources of pollution, compounding the risks they pose.
The federal Clean Water Act requires the EPA to set water pollution standards for all industries, including slaughterhouses and rendering facilities, and to review those standards each year to determine whether updates are appropriate to keep pace with advances in pollution-control technology.
Despite this clear mandate, the EPA has failed to revise standards for slaughterhouses and rendering facilities for at least 19 years. Some slaughterhouses and rendering facilities are still subject to standards established in the mid-1970s.
And the EPA has never published national standards applicable to the vast majority of slaughterhouses and rendering facilities, which discharge polluted wastewater indirectly through publicly-owned treatment works—also known as POTWs—even though the EPA has acknowledged for decades that, without adequate pretreatment, pollutants in slaughterhouses and rendering facility wastewater pass through many POTWs into our nation’s rivers and streams.
The victory was brought on by Earthjustice and the Environmental Integrity Project on behalf of Cape Fear River Watch, Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Waterkeepers Chesapeake, Waterkeeper Alliance, Humane Society of the United States, Food & Water Watch, Environment America, Comite Civico del Valle, Center for Biological Diversity, and Animal Legal Defense Fund.
This coalition initially challenged the Trump Administration’s decision not to update water pollution control standards for slaughterhouses and rendering facilities in 2019. In response to that challenge, the EPA pledged to strengthen its regulations—but it did not commit to a timeline for doing so. The coalition filed a second lawsuit in December 2022 to press the EPA to act promptly, resulting in an agreement that committed the EPA to propose new standards by December 2023 and publish final standards by August 2025.
“Today, the EPA took a major step towards reducing the massive flow of pollution that slaughterhouses dump into America’s rivers,” said John Rumpler, senior clean water director for Environment America. “If the agency follows through with a strong final rule, it will mark significant progress in reducing threats to wildlife and public health – including toxic algae, pathogens and nitrate contamination of drinking water sources.”
John Rumpler, senior clean water director for Environment America
Many publicly owned wastewater treatment plants are not equipped to treat the waste they receive from one or more of the estimated 3,708 indirectly discharging slaughterhouses and rendering plants across the country, likely contributing to 73% of these facilities violating their clean water permit limits for pollutants typically released by those dischargers, said Kelly Hunter Foster, a Waterkeeper Alliance Senior Attorney.
One way to avoid this is for the facility itself to install a MBR or MBBR for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment which are designed to handle high contaminant discharges.
Larissa Liebmann, Animal Legal Defense Fund Senior Staff Attorney
“Lax regulations allow industrial animal agriculture to profit while burdening communities with pollution and causing animals immense suffering,” said Animal Legal Defense Fund Senior Staff Attorney Larissa Liebmann. “With these updated pollution standards, EPA is making slaughterhouses account for some of the costs of their unsustainable business model.”
Building better environmental regulation in your country, province, state or city? Look to the EPA guide for starters.
In Egypt, palm trees in furniture and architecture is known as arish and it has a rich history deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of the region. Emirati architect Abdalla Almulla’s (MULA) created the installation Of Palm, a pavilion at Dubai Design Week. Of Palm not only resonates with sustainable and vernacular architecture we celebrate in Sandra Piesek’s book Habitat but it also draws parallels with vernacular furniture in Egypt, Sinai and Saudi Arabia where palm trees have been a traditional resource for crafting functional and aesthetically pleasing pieces.
Abdalla Almulla’s vision transcends the borders of the UAE, finding resonance in the practices of craftsmen in the Middle East who have long recognized the versatility of palm trees.
The intricate weaving of palm fronds into leaf mats, a prominent feature in the pavilion’s ceilings, gives shade, beauty and comfort unlike plastic which breaks down quickly in the hot sun, you can see palm structures stand for decades, with parts replaced as needed.
The bark-clad trunks acting as pillars in the pavilion echo the structural elements found in historic Egyptian furniture, showcasing a harmonious blend of modern design and ancient craft.
Moreover, Almulla’s choice to use palm wood for furniture pieces within the circular pavilion aligns with the region’s age-old tradition of creating durable and elegant pieces from this readily available material. Darker wood panels form stools and display cases, emphasizing the enduring appeal of palm-based creations. Locals in the Middle East know how strong palm wood fibres are. Car accidents with palm trees tend to be more fatal than hitting a regular deciduous tree.
Almulla’s “Of Palm” pavilion in Dubai, pays homage to the shared heritage of palm tree. It serves as a contemporary reminder of the sustainable design principles deeply rooted in the history of furniture-making in the region.
As we celebrate the convergence of sustainable architecture and traditional craftsmanship, the story of palm tree furniture extends beyond the pavilion’s temporary existence. It intertwines with the narratives of local artisans, weaving a tapestry that spans centuries, connecting the past with a future where sustainable practices continue to shape the world of design.
If you love the look and possibilities of palm, Arish is a great book by Sanda Piesik to explore. She is also the editor of Habitat. In Arish she features traditional buildings made from palm which are called arish in some Middle East regions. These structures have provided shelter from the extreme climate of the Arabian peninsula for generations. Just as bamboo is central to many forms of Asian vernacular constructions, so is palm leaf in the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and surrounding countries.
Marrying Tradition with Innovation, the Najdi-Inspired Opera House Shapes Diriyah’s Future
In a visionary nod to the past, architecture studio Snøhetta from Oslo, Norway has unveiled its design for the Royal Diriyah Opera House, set to grace the historic town of Diriyah on the outskirts of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Informed by the rich tapestry of traditional Najdi architecture (see the House of Saud), this ambitious project is poised to become a cultural landmark, contributing to the wider redevelopment masterplan of Diriyah. The ancient town, celebrated for its vernacular Najdi architecture characterized by mud-brick structures closely clustered to provide shade, will soon witness the emergence of a state-of-the-art opera house that seamlessly blends heritage with contemporary aspirations.
Scheduled for completion in 2028, the Royal Diriyah Opera House is envisioned as a distinguished venue capable of accommodating 3,500 visitors. The architectural marvel will house a 2,000-seat opera theater, two 450-seat multipurpose theaters, and a 450-seat covered rooftop amphitheater, providing a dynamic stage for the aspirations of future generations of performers.
Snøhetta’s design draws inspiration not only from Najdi architecture but also from the nearby riverbeds of the Wadi Hanifah valley. The result is a cluster of buildings characterized by textured facades constructed from locally sourced materials, including palm, stone, and earth. The deliberate choice of these materials not only pays homage to the traditional elements of the region but also ensures a sustainable and contextually sensitive approach to the architectural narrative.
What is Najdi Architecture?
Najdi architecture is an approach from the central Arabian Gulf region that combines three main factors –– from the people who lived there over the years including Bedouin tribes. Some of the Bedouin tribes migrated to other parts of the region including Jordan, Sinai, and present-day Israel. Najdi is built in harmony with nature and 1) works in hot desert climates; 2) it provides privacy in residential buildings as Muslims guard their privacy (see mashrabiya), and 3) uses locally available materials such as mud brick, stone and wood.
Kjetil Trædal Thorsen, co-founder of Snøhetta, expressed the studio’s vision for the project, stating, “This project aims to connect the area’s rich history with contemporary culture, highlighting the importance and integrity of arts when building future communities.”
The design concept is rooted in the idea of the earth from riverbeds, cracked by the relentless sun, molded by wind and rain, and ultimately assuming new shapes as separate forms. The resulting cluster of buildings appears to rise organically from the ground, featuring open passages that invite exploration and engagement.
Beyond its primary function as an opera house, the Royal Diriyah Opera House is conceived as a multifaceted cultural complex. In addition to the performance theaters, the facility will include a cafe, retail spaces, public gardens, and shaded outdoor areas. This strategic integration of public spaces serves to enrich both cultural and recreational experiences, elevating the intrinsic value of the location.
As part of a broader initiative to revitalize Diriyah, and entice Westerners to Saudi Arabia for investment and tourism, the Royal Diriyah Opera House aligns with the town’s historical roots while charting a course for a vibrant and progressive future. Diriyah, with its distinctive Najdi architecture, has long been a testament to the ingenious use of mud-brick structures that define the character of the town. The redevelopment masterplan acknowledges this heritage, ensuring that the new opera house not only stands as a symbol of cultural advancement but also harmonizes with the surrounding environment.
Snøhetta’s approach to the Royal Diriyah Opera House mirrors its global portfolio of culturally significant projects. From an elliptical planetarium in France to a mass-timber museum extension with an oculus in the United States, the studio has consistently demonstrated a commitment to pushing the boundaries of architectural innovation while respecting the cultural and historical context of each location.
Najdi architecture, prevalent in the central region of Saudi Arabia, is characterized by its distinctive use of materials and design elements that are adapted to the arid climate and the cultural traditions of the area. Here are five notable examples of Najdi architecture in Saudi Arabia, showcasing the enduring beauty and functional brilliance of this regional style.
Examples of Najdi architecture
Diriyah Historic Area:
Visitors to Diriyah Gate can explore its labyrinthine streets, visit museums, dine in traditional restaurants, and witness live performances in the historic At-Turaif district. The revitalization of Diriyah Gate not only preserves the architectural marvels of Najdi heritage but also positions Diriyah as a global cultural destination, inviting people to experience the intersection of the past and the present in the heart of Saudi Arabia.
The very location chosen for the Royal Diriyah Opera House is steeped in Najdi architecture. Diriyah’s historic area is a testament to the traditional Najdi style, featuring mud-brick structures closely clustered together. The use of these materials not only provides insulation against the harsh desert climate but also creates a charming aesthetic with narrow streets and shaded walkways.
Al Masmak Fortress:
Constructed from mud-brick and clay, Al-Masmak is characterized by its thick walls, watchtowers, and traditional Najdi architectural elements. The fortress has been meticulously preserved, offering visitors a journey through time. Inside, the Masmak Museum showcases artifacts and exhibits that narrate the historical events, bringing to life the story of King Abdulaziz’s triumphant capture of Riyadh.
Located in the heart of Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia, Al Masmak Fortress stands as a prime example of Najdi military architecture. Constructed in the 19th century, the fortress is made of clay and mud-brick, with thick walls that reflect the defensive needs of the time. The distinctive Najdi style is evident in the fortress’s simplicity, showcasing the practical approach to architecture in the region.
Historical Jeddah:
The unique charm of Historical Jeddah lies in its well-preserved coral houses, reflecting the traditional architecture of the region. The buildings, adorned with vibrant wooden detailing, feature enclosed courtyards and elevated wind towers that capture the essence of Najdi and Hejazi architectural styles. The city’s layout, characterized by narrow streets and hidden squares, invites exploration and reveals the influence of diverse cultures that have shaped Jeddah over the centuries.
While Najdi architecture is most closely associated with the central region, its influence can be seen in other parts of Saudi Arabia as well. In Historical Jeddah, the old city bears witness to the integration of Najdi elements in the design of traditional coral houses. The use of intricate wooden detailing, shaded courtyards, and narrow alleys reflects the adaptability of Najdi architecture to different environments.
Ushaiger Heritage Village:
Walking through Ushaiger, visitors encounter structures with distinctive features such as wind-catching towers designed to mitigate the region’s intense heat. The village’s layout, with its interconnected dwellings and shared walls, exemplifies the practicality and sustainability inherent in traditional Najdi design
Ushaiger, a well-preserved heritage village in the Najd region, is a living testament to the enduring charm of Najdi architecture. The village features mud-brick houses with distinctive geometric patterns, creating a harmonious blend of form and function. The layout of Ushaiger follows the traditional Najdi style, emphasizing communal spaces and interconnected dwellings.
House of Saud:
The House of Saud, made from mud
The House of Saud originated in the 18th century when Muhammad bin Saud, the emir of Diriyah, and the religious scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab formed an alliance. This collaboration, grounded in their shared commitment to Wahhabi Islam, marked the establishment of the first Saudi state.
The Royal Diriyah Opera House emerges as a beacon of cultural expression in an historic area, marrying the traditional nuances of Najdi architecture with the avant-garde vision of Snøhetta. As a testament to the evolving cultural landscape of Saudi Arabia, this architectural gem not only symbolizes a nod to the past but also paves the way for a harmonious coexistence of heritage and modernity in the heart of Diriyah.
Client: Diriyah Company and collaborators include Plan A Consultants, Syn Architects, JLL, Penguin Cube, Tricon, Arup, Saudi Diyar, Buro Happold, Schlaich Bergermann Partner, Theatre Projects, Spec Studio, Evergreen Adcon, Fractal Landscape, Transsolar, Maha Mullah.
Come 2028, the Royal Diriyah Opera House is poised to take center stage, inviting audiences to witness the seamless fusion of tradition and progress against the backdrop of Saudi Arabia’s rich cultural tapestry. Let ‘s home it is built with sustainable materials along with its vision.
Every square meter of flooring should be healthy and ecologically sound. This is how you do it.
Flooring is probably not the first thing you think about when it comes to climate change and being environmentally friendly. It’s likely not the second or third thing you think about either.
But when you start questioning the impact of flooring on the environment and how much it’s contributing to global warming, you might think it has a negative impact. However, despite flooring coming from natural sources or man-made materials, it isn’t completely detrimental to the world around us.
When it comes to environmentally friendly flooring, sometimes called eco-friendly or sustainable, there are several factors to take into account: durability, sustainability, chemical treatment, recyclability and waste.
Durability
There’s a common misconception that sustainable products are less durable than their environmentally damaging counterparts. Eco-friendly flooring is very durable and can withstand an active environment as well as general wear and tear.
Their long lifespans then cut down on materials, chemicals and energy being used to make replacements, lessening the carbon emissions and reducing waste. This is also a cost-effective option!
Sustainability
When looking into your flooring options, it’s important to know whether the raw material used is easily replenished. There should be a balance so that the material isn’t depleted past a set equilibrium. The materials might grow quickly or be carefully managed to maintain this balance.
Another factor is the life cycle of your flooring. Think about how and where the materials are sourced, the carbon footprint to your home and what will happen when the floor needs replacing. Will it be recycled or sent to landfill?
For reference, the flooring life cycle is: the extraction of the raw material, the upstream manufacturing, manufacturing, use phase, end of life and disposal/recycling.
Chemical Treatments
When it comes to chemical treatments, it’s really a case of the fewer the better.
Environmentally friendly flooring doesn’t use chemical treatments that can damage the environment and release a high level of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) into your home. VOCs are chemicals that can be harmful to your health, so it’s always better to choose materials with low VOC levels for both your health and the planet. Although, due to the hazardous nature of VOCs, most manufacturers are required to keep their VOC levels extremely low.
Recyclability and Waste
At the end of your floors life, there are two options: recycle or waste.
Choosing environmentally friendly flooring will reduce waste by being recyclable or by being composed of recyclable materials. Whilst its always great to have something 100% recyclable, sometimes it isn’t entirely feasible, so a floor with recyclable materials is still a better option than an entire floor headed straight for landfill.
As mentioned before, eco-friendly flooring is durable, which means you won’t be replacing it for years – if not decades!
Environmentally Friendly Flooring Options
Bamboo Flooring
Bamboo dome and a bamboo floor
Bamboo is one of the most environmentally friendly flooring materials. The fast-growing grass can be harvested within five years as opposed to most solid wood, which takes at least 25 years to reach maturity. The plant is harvested in a way that allows the base to remain in the ground, undamaged. This means it can regrow and there’s no need to replant the bamboo. Making bamboo harvesting a sustainable process. This renewable raw material is sturdy and as durable as oak, if not more, so it won’t need replacing for a long time. With the proper maintenance, of course!
Unfortunately, bamboo flooring isn’t without its flaws.
Mostly grown in India, China and Indonesia, the material usually has to be imported, which then generates more pollution through carbon emissions. Bamboo has also become a really popular material, which means even more of it has been planted. Now that might not sound like a problem, but it means that a lot of local ecosystems and animal habitats would’ve been destroyed to create space for the bamboo to grow.
Cork Flooring
Cord can be upcycled into flooring
Another incredibly eco-friendly flooring material is cork, which is harvested from the bark of the cork oak tree. The trees can be harvested from repeatedly every 10 or so years for around 200 years. During this process, the cork oak tree isn’t damaged and doesn’t need to be cut down. Interestingly, cork flooring is actually made of the leftover waste from wine cork production.
Cork flooring is energy efficient too as it’s a natural thermal insulator, preventing the heat inside your home from escaping and cutting down the cost of your heating bill. Cork contains a high concentration of suberin, which is a physical barrier that prevents water loss, and this makes cork flooring highly resistant to moisture and mould.
With the proper maintenance and care, cork floors can last at least forty years and is completely biodegradable – as long as it doesn’t have any chemical resins.
Similar to bamboo flooring, the downside of cork is that it’s typically grown in Southern Europe, which means carbon emissions are released when it’s shipped around the world. Additionally, cork flooring is made by grinding up the cork bark and binding it with resins, which can contain significant levels of VOCs. But not all cork flooring does!
Solid and Engineered Wood Flooring
Wood flooring
There are some myths out there stating that wood flooring is bad for the environment, but it’s probably the most environmentally friendly flooring option out there.
It can be recycled at the end of its life and is biodegradable, allowing it to decompose naturally without harming the environment. This is dependent on whether chemicals have been used! The production of wood flooring usually has a lower carbon footprint than other flooring materials as wood requires less energy to process and manufacture. Like cork, wood flooring is energy efficient as wood is a natural insulator that keeps the heat inside. Wood flooring is also known for its durability and longevity; you won’t be replacing it any time soon!
The downside to solid wood flooring is that it does use a lot of trees to make. This shouldn’t be a problem as long as more trees are being planted than harvested, to keep it a sustainable resource. Engineered wood flooring only has a thin veneer of traditional wood, which means it uses less wood, but the core materials in between can be non-renewable. The main thing to look for with wood flooring is whether the company practices environmental friendliness.
A prairie university in Canada will be home to a new international water research hub run by the UN. We’d have assumed Israel with its water success research known the world over (read this article by a World Bank researcher) would be a smarter move but rising antisemitism and regional conflicts gives Israel a zero chance in such a UN-led endeavor.
Instead, the UN has chosen Canada given its neutrality on most issues and its overabundance of water, making it a sound and safe choice for the UN. And it will open up more sustainable developments to a region in Canada dependent on oil sands extraction and fracking for natural gas.
United Nations University, the academic arm of the United Nations, has chosen the University of Calgary as the home of the world’s first UNU hub, said Ed McCauley, president of the University of Calgary.
“It has very special significance for me not only as president of the host university, but as someone whose own academic career has been focused on water research,” said McCauley.
The two groups will together to develop the sustainable, scientific solutions and a skilled workforce needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
The hub will have four research clusters led by world-class scholars from across campus, collaborating to bring their expertise to bear on four essential areas of water studies: understanding changes in aquatic ecosystems, infectious diseases in a changing climate, environmental predictions for water sustainability, and resilience in Indigenous communities.
The clusters will build on Calgary’s institutional capacity and infrastructure in these areas, including the cross-institutional UNESCO Chair in Mountain Water Sustainability, One Health at Calgary, Advancing Canadian Water Assets, and the Biogeoscience Institute, says Fred Wrona, a professor in the Faculty of Science.
The research clusters will also create opportunities for new international partnerships and transdisciplinary collaborations to expand the reach of the UN.
Slow Food is a food movement in Europe that find the best Slow Cheese in Europe. So many organizations. So many labels. So many movements.
The Slow Food movement which started in Italy says everything that we love about real food that is sustainable. Slow Food brings people, farmers, and systems-thinking in agriculture, along with the joy of farming and the pleasure of community. Slow Food has been featured on Green Prophet over the years. Check out this article on the best cheese in Europe and how they make it.
“This was supposed to be the Food COP, but the conclusions were not good neither for the future of the food systems nor for limiting the effects of climate change,” said Edward Mukiibi, Slow Food president.
Slow Food cheese
“The expectations around potentially positive efforts such as the Emirates Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, signed by over 150 States, the Sharm el-Sheikh Joint Work on Agriculture and Food Security and the FAO Roadmap were failed by the lack of concrete and binding targets, the influence of major emitters in the agriculture sector and the postponement of the discussions to transform the food systems at the next meetings.”
The main outcome of /, namely the Global Stocktake, was largely void, with just one mention of food systems under the Adaptation section but excluded from the Mitigation section.
At last, after long negotiations, the mention of a transition away from fossil fuels has been included for the first time, but the deal is full of loopholes that will allow countries not to move as fast as needed to limit global heating to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.
In addition, despite the different historical responsibility for emissions between developed and developing countries it does not properly differentiate their roles in the transition away from fossil fuels.
“Most disappointingly, as expected, agro-ecology was sidelined and did not emerge in policy discussions as a key element, nor was it mentioned as the solution which will allow us to reverse the course and fight against climate change.”
Translated, this means a further worrying delay in addressing the urgent climate challenges the planet is facing, ignoring crucial climate solutions through a meaningful food systems transformation.
Woody Harrelson stars as narrator in a documentary film about regenerative agriculture
The intricate weaving of palm fronds into leaf mats, a prominent feature in the pavilion’s ceilings, gives shade, beauty and comfort unlike plastic which breaks down quickly in the hot sun, you can see palm structures stand for decades, with parts replaced as needed.
