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Time to Adapt to Climate Change

climate change effects on cityClimate change is here and it looks like there is no way back.

Scientists and policymakers are increasing concerned about extreme weather and climate events. These include extended waves of abnormally hot or cold weather, unseasonal temperatures, changes in precipitation and wind patterns, along with more dramatic occurrences like unprecedented blizzards, cyclones sudden downpours, sudden floods and extended droughts.

Attempts to curtail climate-altering phenomena, which is known as mitigation, has been the focus of international protocols (Montreal, Kyoto) and gatherings (such as the failed Copenhagen Summit of late 2009). While the international community can claim modest achievements in some areas, for example, pacts that have led to a decrease in the use of ozone-reducing substances, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases has been far from encouraging. Accordingly, there is a second focus in the climate change literature, dealing with adaptation.

It is sobering then, that the focus of a special report entitled Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation released last week, by The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is not on how climate change can be forestalled. Rather, it deals with what societies will have to do to adapt to such change.

Toxic Kosher Coke Banned During Passover

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toxic coke kosher passover
As we learn from Starbucks and their new sustainable approach of using a red beetle to color their pink drinks (that’s instead of oil tar), when you follow dietary laws for any religion, sometimes the least healthy option is the one you have to take. In the midst of the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews in the United States will not be able to drink Kosher for Passover Coca Cola this holiday season unless they consume a toxic variety.

Mario Cucinella: Interview With Gaza’s Green School Architect

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green-architecture-schools-gaza-cucinellaWe speak to Mario Cucinella the architect behind Gaza’s eco schools about building under conflict, water, education and bringing hope to a desperate region

Early 2013 will see the launch of a green school which will collect rainwater and regulate internal temperature using thermal technologies. Whilst such a project would not be noteworthy in Europe, this project is coming to the energy-scarce, water-poor and conflict-ridden region of the Gaza Strip. Constructing a green building in such a region definitely comes with a whole cache of problems- it also comes with a whole load of benefits. Building green schools that save water and reduce the amount of energy needed offers huge benefits to the people of Gaza. I caught up with Mario Cucincella, the architect behind the project to find out more.

Carbon Offsetting Saudi Arabia

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Trojena, Saudi Arabia, ski resort, Neom, Asian Winter Games, Zaha Hadid, Unstudio
On one hand it is planting mangrove forests. On the other it’s developing Neom and ski resorts in climates too hot to ski. Saudi Arabia needs a special climate plan.

Who doesn’t want to jump onto the carbon offset bandwagon when you see Coldplay advocating it? I mean come on, that’s a cool bunch of guys, and if they are doing it, it must be the right thing to do. As interest in environmental issues has grown, so has the alluring, politically correct, celebrity-sanctioned model of carbon off-setting.

Carbon offsetting is still a relatively unknown concept in Saudi Arabia but a few foreign carbon offset companies have stated to speed up their marketing efforts in the Kingdom. While I am all for conserving the ecosphere, I think it makes sense to question the relevance and feasibility of offsets in the kingdom. Many experts now believe that the offset model comes with its own set of challenges and it will be interesting to see how these manifest in the Saudi context. Here are my arguments for why I think it won’t work:

1. Coldplay shows how trees can be Troublesome:

Forestation makes up about 20 percent of the carbon offset market. Based on the idea that trees absorb carbon, companies wishing to offset their emissions sponsor the planting of trees designed to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

While this seems great in theory there are multiple problems with this. Firstly “Carbon emissions from burned oil, gas or coal cannot be considered as equal to the same amount of biological carbon in a tree,” according to scientists at the Forests and the European Union Resource Network.

Secondly, it may take years before a tree is able to fully offset the estimated emissions and companies mistakenly offset immediate emissions with reductions that would occur only during the 100-year life span of a tree.

Lastly and most importantly, as we saw in the case of the “Cold Play Forest”, Trees are not the most reliable carbon offset investments. Ten thousand trees were planted in India to offset the Band’s emissions during their second album and according to this detailed article in The Telegraph, 40% of those trees died within 4 years.

2. Shift of Responsibility:

There have been concerns internationally that the carbon offset model triggers the natural human desire to compensate and consumers may see it as an excuse to indulge in pollution and overly consumptive behaviours.

Saudi society is well known for its excessively lavish lifestyle and if the carbon offset model becomes the norm or the “IN” thing there is a risk that it may lead to people using it as an excuse to pollute.

3. Redistribution not Reduction:

Last but not the least, the main reason I think an offset model cannot work for Saudi Arabia is because it does not address the real issue of carbon emissions in the first place. Consumers and companies in Saudi Arabia need to discover their environmental stance before they rethink it.

In a country where the utilities are dirt cheap and the fuel costs less than a can of soda, the real problem is to wake people from their stupor. To make them realize that the resources are not unlimited and that the time is running out.

The danger of carbon offset model is that it is the easy way out. As Kevin Anderson, a scientist with the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research puts it, “Offsetting is a dangerous delaying technique because it helps us avoid tackling the task [of dealing with climate change]… It helps us sleep well at night when we shouldn’t sleep well at night.”

I think more than the star-crusted, latest new fad of buying carbon credits, what Saudi Arabia needs is a new model of carbon offset; a model where companies can offset their emissions by investing in their own renewable resources and energy-efficient products. A lot of local companies are already shifting to green products but what is needed is to link it with their emissions through their own customized carbon offset model.

Despite Current Gas Shortages, Israel Prepares To Export Natural Gas

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Oil refinery in the Haifa Port.

Though Israeli electricity prices rose nearly 9 percent at the end of last month due to reported natural gas shortages, Israel’s energy ministry has decided that Israel will export half of the natgas it pumps from its offshore reserves in the Mediterranean Sea.

Called the Zemach Committee, and led by Director General of Israel’s Ministry of Energy and Water Resources Shaul Zemach, the group that made the decision published a report in early April which says Israel needs a stable natgas supply of around 400 billion cubic meters (BCM). But Israel also needs money and the government is hoping that by properly massaging market conditions, Israel can keep up the market value of gas.

“The geopolitical situation, and the need to create market certainty to ensure conditions to create incentives for continued gas exploration and development, should be taken into account,” said Israel’s Minister of Energy and Water Uzi Landau at a press event releasing the report.

Soaring Father and Son Skyscraper Could Absorb Cairo’s Crowds

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IAMZ Design Studio architecture, design, cairo, overpopulation, carbon emissions, pollution, solar energy, green roofHalf as tall as the Burj Dubai, this soaring tower (if realized) could absorb some of Cairo’s crowds.

How to deal with Cairo’s crowds is a complex dilemma that IAMZ Design Studio has approached with this soaring Father and Son Skyscraper. Inspired by the relationship between a father and son, the young Egyptian architect has fused traditional Islamic architecture with modern design in a concept for an 8,000 square meter building that receives its energy from the sun and boasts a series of carbon-sapping green roofs. Read on for more details and then let us know: do you have any ideas for revitalizing a once vibrant downtown Cairo?

Saudi’s Waste of Ice Age Water Depicted in 4 NASA Images

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water waste, NASA, water conservation, pivot irrigation, saudi arabia, agriculture, land grabsWithin 50 years, water trapped hundreds of thousands of years ago will be depleted by Saudi desert farms using pivot irrigation.

Water is a non-renewable resource in the Saudi desert, which only receives one inch of rain a year, so it makes sense to use existing resources very, very carefully, right? For ancient desert dwellers, this concept was a no-brainer, but for modern society – not so much.

Concerns about creating food security for Saudi Arabia’s population has led to an insane agricultural program depicted in NASA satellite images collected between 1987 and 2012. These eye-opening pictures demonstrate how the fields have grown using finite water sources trapped during the last Ice Age that hydrologists estimate will be gone within 50 years! 

Solar to Light Our Nights Gets Hotter

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solar-storage-halotechnics

Able to store enough heat to generate power that can last well into the night, Masdar’s Gemasolar, built in Spain last year was state of the art in solar thermal energy storage, able to reach temperatures of over 500°C. Now a U.S. startup funded by the Obama administration energy department with a $3.3 million ARPA-E grant has a way to make that even better.

Halotechnics has devised the perfect material to store higher heat, so that more solar energy can be stored to keep the lights on well after sundown.

Their innovation could make solar thermal as cheap and convenient as fossil fuels, but with none of the nasty side effects of burning fossil energy – like asthma, and petrostate political systems, and an unlivable climate for our children.

This could be very big news for Desertec and the MENA region, because it is at center stage for solar thermal development.

Dubai’s Camels to Chomp Down Runaway Mangrove Forests?

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camel beauty

Dubai is considering biological control: camels to dine in Dubai’s Ras al Khor wildlife sanctuary overrun by mangrove trees

Too many mangroves is not a good thing – at least not at the Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary in Dubai, where they were introduced in 1990. So an ecologist at Dubai’s Wildlife Protection office has proposed using camels to trim back the excess canopies that have buried wader feeding areas. Kevin Hyland told The National that camels used to have access to the sanctuary before it was fenced off in 2002, and that reintroducing them would help restore the site’s sensitive ecology without disrupting bird life.

Greedy Grazers

Hyland emphasizes that the camels would be introduced as part of a careful management program, and that they will not be left to run amok.

“The key phrase in the whole proposal is ‘managed camel grazing,'” the ecologist told the paper. “It’s not, ‘let’s just chuck in 100 camels’, because we don’t want to destroy the mangrove canopy.”

According to Hyland, BirdLife International opposed the plan to introduce mangroves to the Ras Al Khor Sanctuary  in 1990 as part of a “greening” program, and now, 20 years later, the wildlife protection office and Dubai Municipality are beginning to glean the error of that initiative.

Although spoonbills have proliferated as a result of the invasive mangrove canopies, feeding grounds for certain species have been buried by five meters of mangroves. So now they want to reverse some of the damage.

Instead of employing 20 workers to cut back mangroves, which is likely to scare off spoonbills and other bird species, the camels can munch on the green leaves. And just in case too many mangrove leaves are bad for camels too, the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory will be on hand to monitor the animals.

Camelback Tours

And when ground-nesting birds breed, the camels will be removed. Hyland also likes the idea of using the camels to create a new eco-tourism initiative. Instead of putting the sanctuary’s rangers in 4x4s, he told the paper that they could lead bird tours on camelback instead.

Camel milk may also become available at a new visitor center that is being floated as a potential part of the new management plan, which would help to educate visitors about the importance of the wetland reserve so famous for attracting a great number of migratory species amidst Dubai’s urban sprawl and for its 500 flamingos.

As long as mangrove fodder is healthy for the camel trimmers, Ras Al Khor camels face a better fate than that of Falaj Mualla camels, half of whom die from eating plastic despite concerted efforts to draw awareness to this situation.

And the birds will be grateful too.

More on Birds and Camels:
Dubai is for the Birds (and the People who Love Them)
Woman Spins Camel Wool to Prevent the Slaughter of 1.2 Million Australian Camels
6 Green Reasons to Drink Camel Milk

Saudis to Make Desert Sands into Solar Polysilicon

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IDEA-polysilicon-launched saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia has lots of open land, and lots of sand which is rich in silicon; which is needed to make polysilicon for the solar industry.

This year, the Kingdom has announced its second polysilicon manufacturing partnership, this time with Germany’s Centrotherm Photovoltaics.A year ago, Saudi Arabia had announced a $1 billion solar joint venture with South Korea that was to have brought the first ever solar factory to Saudi Arabia to make polysilicon, the essential ingredient of traditional solar cells. That Saudi-based joint venture company, Polysilicon Technology Company, was to be in production by 2014. However, a year later, no website, and no further news announcements…

Zazen for Feeling Some Eco-Zen-Chic on Samui Island, Thailand

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Zazen Koh Samui

We travelled to Zazen Boutique Resort on Koh Samui, Thailand and were pleasantly surprised at their pioneering eco initiatives on an island without much awareness.

I just read a New York Times article: Billionaire, If Only for a Day, where a middle class writer slipped on the shoes, and lifestyle of the very rich for 24 hours. I am a middle class writer who not long ago had the chance to tour some luxurious hotels in Koh Samui, Thailand as a guest and I felt some parallels in the experiences of the NY Times writer.

On the hunt for sustainable initiatives to share with other eco-conscious travelers, I hit the Internet and Googled for “green hotels in Thailand” and came across Zazen on Koh Samui, a boutique hotel that was not only happy to announce its involvement in a local green council, but advertised other local hotels that were a part of the initiative. After some emails and an invitation, I was lucky to be for two nights at Zazen, on the northeast side of Samui Island, a good distance above the crazy beach parties.

Affordable luxury, if only for a couple of nights, is not hard to find on Samui Island; but what made me want to stay at Zazen is the management’s interest and early beginnings at environmental awareness and action.

I am not sure if billionaires stay there regularly, but millionaires for sure.  At a few hundred dollars a night, it’s very expensive for Thailand. And Thailand is certainly not lacking luxury. It is the destination to get spoiled, if that’s what you are looking for.

The hotel started out as did many of the hotels on the island, as simple wooden beach huts built by the locals. A charming francophone Swiss man who looks like he’s from a Hemingway novel married into the family, and along with his Thai wife they transformed the family huts into a 5-star resort with all the local and European trimmings.

Samui Koh, Thailand at Zazen

A cabin facing the beach. 

The boutique hotel, which sits on the beach and inland, has only 26 cabins, and several staff assigned to service each one. Walk in and you’ll feel like you’ve arrived. But the best part of your day at Zazen might be the night as the pillows define heaven: I simply have not laid my head on anything quite like them before, and since.

Like in the NY Times piece, the upper class or at least the upper middle class who travel to Zazen, can expect a parade of service staff to treat you, from the second you enter the parking lot where you are greeted with smiles, down to the daily newspaper and weather reports placed on your bed, which is turned down for you before you go to sleep.

zazen samui thailand resortMe, my baby and our friend Nok.

It’s as though the staff at Zazen are able to read your mind, but after a few hours you’ll notice the entourage equipped with walkie talkies, keeping track of guests so your room will be ready, morning, noon and night, without any embarrassing overlap of cleaning staff. Some people might find the attention a bit unnerving if you like privacy, but as I am used to staying at hotels in the Middle East where the service is much inferior to the Far East, I welcomed the chance to experience what the good life offered.

Some of the basics at Zazen can be found in many hotels in Thailand: the use of refillable ceramic dispensers for shampoo and shower soaps. I love that approach over small packages of stuff. There is also the use of local fabrics, materials and artisans, in the building structures themselves and in the décor. They provide beach bags for taking out of the hotel, as well as bathrobes, slippers, flip flops, and umbrellas should it rain.

Local foods and jams prepared with love, and an expert chef, will meet you at your meals.

Zazen is a specialist at catering to small, intimate weddings, which without all the excess of hundreds of guests you don’t know, would certainly fulfill the criteria for a green wedding in my eyes, except for the carbon footprint of flying into the island.

Zazen Samui thailand

But when you go behind the scenes, as I did, and see the underbelly of Zazen from an employee’s point of view, you’ll appreciate Zazen, and I don’t think they boast enough about this on their website.

Maria who was a day manager at the time I was there in February, took me through the kitchen and showed me where the staff separate wet waste into compostable piles, sent to special areas in landfill sites on the island. While this might seem generations behind city restaurants like in Toronto, it is light years ahead for Thailand where little environmental awareness and practice (in the western sense) exists.

zazen samui thailand resortRecyclable materials sorted in bins waiting for pick up

She then took me to the staff quarters, past their canteen where all kinds of waste items were sorted for pickup (above), from cardboard to plastics, and glass which are shipped out to public bins in Thailand, which can be used voluntarily. Education of the staff on how to separate the waste, and on how use the bins, has been part of their activities at Zazen, and no doubt the effects will pass on to locals living in nearby communities.

While not done at the expense of a guest (that’s up to the individual I suppose on how to use and conserve energy), there are a number of unique energy saving tactics Zazen management is using with their staff:

Air conditioning is very expensive, so instead of turning it on at 8 am when the staff arrives in the cooler mornings, it is programmed to turn on at 9. It goes off again at lunch, and before the administration leaves at night saving 4.5 hours a day of air con power. Smart!

The water at the beach

Other points worth noting, is the use of EM Balls to clean the local river which can turn into stinking and stagnant water in the holiday times before the rains. Not able to control the pollution that runs into the river upstream, downstream before it hits the sea, Zazen uses these biological and natural aids, that cost about 1 baht a ball, to rehabilitate their end of the river.

They’ve also hosted beach cleanup days and have had their staff and some guests trek down to Chewang Beach to do some much-needed cleanup of bottles and trash.

Guests stay an average of 7 to 10 days at Zazen, with the hotel’s busiest time being December and January when Europeans and northern hemisphere people need a warm escape. Clientele look interesting – and this is just in my imagination – they are everything from well-to-do industrialists, to oil barons from Russia to nouveau riche and young high-tech entrepreneurs.

zazen samui thailand resortA beach bag at Zazen is fun for my daughter Oryan

And if you’re passing by Zazen on the beach and can’t find room at the inn to fit your budget, the 800 baht breakfast will be the best bucks you’ll spend in Thailand. But if you can, if only for two nights, stay at Zazen for a little bit of luxury and to meet management with a growing ecological awareness for this Thai island paradise.

In Zen Buddhism zazen means seated meditation. Grab a beach chair, and a Zazen fruit juice and practice what they preach.

::Zazen Boutique Resort & Spa website

BPA – What’s the Big Deal, Baby?

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BPA plastic bottles banThis guest post by Daniella Dimitrova Russo the co-founder and executive director of Plastic Pollution Coalition gives us reasons to still worry about buying BPA-free products.

What is the connection between obesity, reproductive and other endocrine-related conditions, heart disease, and cancer? Recent studies point conclusively towards one ubiquitous chemical that is used in everything from dental sealants, cash register receipts, and the lining of soup, beverage and vegetable cans, to baby bottles, the lining of formula cans, medical devices, and CDs and DVDs. Studies show that it can leach out when containers are heated or damaged.

This chemical is called bisphenol A, or BPA, and in the United States, more than 90 percent of all people have some of this toxic substance in their bodies. It almost certain that people around the world exposed to BPA will also have it in their bodies. A recent study in Egypt of BPA concentration in the bodies of girls in urban and rural areas found a strong correlation with canned food.

Raphael Mechoulam, pioneer of medical cannabis chemistry

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Raphael Mechoulam, TCH, medical cannabis, CBD Greenprophet
Raphael Mechoulam, discoverer of THC, CBD in medicinal cannabis

While Americans petition state senators to legalize medical marijuana, the Dutch simply go to an Amsterdam café to self-medicate, and Canadians secretly smoke in their basements, thousands of Israelis are enrolled in a regulated medical marijuana program. As talk-show veteran Montel Williams recently saw for himself, Israel is one of the most progressive countries in the world to “legalize it.”

Israel’s inroads into legalizing cannabis for pain relief and managing terminal illness rest on the seminal research of Prof. Raphael Mechoulam of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem’s Center for Research on Pain.

Back in 1964, working from bags of hashish seized by the local police, Mechoulam isolated the active compound from cannabis, THC. He came to be a trusted consultant on the topic to governments and individuals — even to a US senator who was worried about his child’s use of cannabis at jazz clubs — and urged that derivative compounds called cannabinoids be legalized for medical purposes in Israel.

Mechoulam’s work has inspired generations of research teams around the world to look to marijuana for alleviating medical conditions from chemo-induced nausea to chronic pain. His work led to the discovery of ananamides, naturally occurring THC-like materials in the brain.

Mechoulam was recently awarded the Rothschild Prize in physical and chemical sciences in recognition of his contributions. With the help of his efforts, Israel started to develop policies so that medical marijuana can be accessed by those who need it most.

Marijuana decreases the reliance on opiates

Mechoulam’s lab was one of the stops on a recent tour of Israel’s medical marijuana researchers by US celeb Montel Williams, who told reporters that the United States could learn a few things from Israel’s approach.

Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) in 1999, Williams advocates for research and education on new directions in treatment, including medical marijuana, through his MS Foundation. Williams says that medical marijuana helps ease his neuropathic pain and he’s working to legalize it in the United States.

Mechoulam acknowledges that Israel’s approach is probably the most advanced in the world, considering the numbers of patients taking medical marijuana in a supervised way.

“At present, about six or seven thousand people get it for various reasons, for [chronic] pain and for cancer, as it’s helping the symptoms of cancer by lowering the amount of opiates patients have to take,” Mechoulam tells says. That number is expected to rise to about 40,000 by 2016.

“People who are in great pain who are taking opiates aren’t really functional anymore. Taking THC as a medical marijuana, or in its pure form, means that the opiates can be lowered, and then this person will have a better way of life,” he says.

The Health Ministry slowly began the program in 1994, but it really got going in 2002 under the direction of Dr. Yehuda Baruch from Abarbanel Hospital, a psychiatric facility in Bat Yam.

Patients of all ages may apply for approval through their own medical doctor or through the Sheba Medical Center, and must pass a rigorous screening process. Those eligible include cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy; cancer patients with final-stage tumors; patients enrolled in an Israeli HIV center; and people under treatment for chronic pain, Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis, MS and post-traumatic stress disorder.

When properly dispensed under medical supervision, medical cannabis has a very low rate of abuse, says Mechoulam.

Quantifying THC and CBD for posing and effect

Still working as a researcher, Mechoulam is asked periodically to test the levels of THC in pot grown by licensed Israelis. And while he’s happy with the country’s progress, he says more research needs to be done on standardizing the dosages and incorporating missing elements in the medical strain used in Israel.

“Basically Israel is moving in the right direction. THC has to be better quantified, and cannabidial, CBD, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, needs to be present in the doses used in Israel,” he says. Cannabidial alleviates possible undesirable side-effects of THC.

These room-to-grow tips notwithstanding, “Israel is one of the leading cannibinoid centers of research in the world. There are about two dozen groups working on it and people come from all around the world to see what we do,” Mechoulam concludes.

Read more on medical marijuana:
Tikun Olam is Israel’s Hidden Pot Farm
Israel Relaxes Laws on Medical Marijuana
A Moroccan Love Potion Spiced With Pot

An Israeli Sewage Plant is a Hot New Art Venue for Passover

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wastewater treatment, design, art, Passover, education, environmentA wastewater treatment plant in Israel rolls out the brown carpet for holiday tourists

We’ve seen the most foul waste treatment plants come out smelling like roses after reclamation programs, and energy generated from human waste is no longer surprising to anyone who hears about it, but we never really thought that our most refined instincts (art) could rub shoulders with one of our most base (pooping.)

Apparently we didn’t think this through carefully enough. The Dan Region Waste Treatment facility in central Israel is rolling out their brown carpet for another year to host an art exhibition during the Passover holiday. The idea is to tease out the ways in which design can be used to address the numerous environmental concerns facing the country, including waste treatment and water shortages.

Smaller Fonts Save Trees – The Minus One Project

minus one project font save treesA bit ridiculous? Change your font size by one point and save trees…? 

It’s called the Minus One Project, and it is a very neat example of a practical project with one very specific objective: it encourage offices, schools, homes and everyone else to lower their font by one size before printing. Maybe not the perfect idea for minimizing fonts on phone books, and good thing for the planet that we already have electronic phone books – YP.com.

But the Minus One Project offers a new idea. Set up by Vishal Sagar from Cheil, an advertising company in India, it is now being adopted as a green initiative by Samsung. Sagar believes that this is a small step (hoho) towards conserving one of the world’s valuable resources: forests and saving paper.