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Morf shirt transforms to 24 shirts in one!

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morf-shirt

There’s a movie called 27 Dresses about a woman who finds love and finally gets to wear a wedding dress after serving as a bridesmaid, 27 times. You might think that “24 shirts” refers to a similar movie about a 24-time groomsman – but not so. It actually describes a recent fashion innovation by Israeli designer Tamara Salem: the “Morf Shirt,” a ladies’ shirt that can be worn 24 different ways!

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I’ve seen shirts or dresses that can be worn a few different ways, but never have I seen the capacity breach double digits.

morf-transformer

“Morf” is the name of the fashion design company owned by Ms. Salem and business partner Barak Kirschner. The name itself implies that they are creative and open-minded.

Morf-creator-Tamara-Salem-right-with-model-Alexa-Doll-wearing-the-versatile-shirts.-Photo-via-morf-fashion.com_-e1451829445543

The Morf Shirt seems to include solid black, blue and grey options, and it throws black and white striped accents into the mix. There’s room to play with the color of the sleeves and the cut of the neckline. The trick is in the layering of the fabric. Amazingly, there are no buttons or zippers, velcro or other gadgets.

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Even watching the video below, I can’t seem to wrap my head around how the shirt can be morphed so many times. How can something seemingly simple be so complex? Besides the fact that the Morf shirt is an extremely economic fashion choice, I say that it also makes its owner a magician.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCchVQOLXhQ

I’d like to see the manual that comes with the shirt. But even so, I don’t doubt its morf-ability. Israelis have a great track record of being resourceful, not only in the fashion industry but also in other arenas, such as visual art and technology.

Lightweight and durable, it’s no wonder that the Morf shirt has garnered the best feedback from backpacking travellers. But it’s truly for every woman. Wear it in blue with a pair of jeans and flats for a day look. Wear it in svelte black with heels and there’s your night look.

I’ve been meaning to donate clothes – maybe gaining the Morf shirt will mean finally getting rid of several different shirts I wear only every once in a while. The revolutionary fashion staple is available on Amazon or on the Morf website – where you can also check out the Morf shirt in green (with white as another solid-color option) and in red (with brown as another solid-color option), the Morf dress and the Morf shirt for men!

Consider joining the Morf movement. You’ll have a lighter laundry basket, or suitcase. Your wallet will thank you. So will the earth.

Did I mention that Morf also comes in a dress version? Oh, and a shirt for men?

The new Seabin will vacuum ocean pollution

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seabin project-no more marine pollution-ocean cleanup

Sea garbage’s days may be numbered, thanks to a new invention by a pair of Australians, Andrew Turton and Pete Ceglinski. The Seabin Project is one being funded by Indiegogo and revolves around a floating trash receptacle. Able to suck everything floating in its vicinity into its natural fiber bag, from paper to plastic to fuel, the Seabin is an ocean vacuum that promises to clean up a lot of the mess we’ve made over the years. And this maritime maid won’t even ask for a break – she can work without pause.

The Seabin is connected by pipes to a shore-based water pump. The collected waste is filtered – that includes oil being separated out – and the newly clean water is pumped back into the ocean.

The most strategic place for a Seabin to work most effectively is at a marina or port, where heavy boat activity, as well as water currents, cause debris to accumulate near the docks.

The location at harbor also allows a person to change the Seabin’s bag when it starts to overflow with oversize trash. It was designed small and light so that this task would be one-man job.

“One of our goals is to make the Seabin from our own plastics to create another Seabin to capture more. It’s a domino effect,” say Turton and Ceglinski. “The second goal is to create a world where we don’t need the Seabins. Imagine that…”

This new technology can only be praised. The Seabin is a cheaper, lower maintenance answer to trash boats, also a 2015 innovation. It lends hope to the idea that we can have pristine waters again – as long as we do our part to not let history repeat itself by muddying them.

The eco-friendly Australians aim to start selling and shipping their Seabins internationally as early as mid-2016. The Middle East has seen its fair share of sea pollution – will it be a leader in addressing the problems of its past by supporting the Seabin Project?

Photo of the Seabin and its creators from gizmag.com

7 agricultural technologies that will save the Middle East

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From vertical farming to rooftop gardening, here are 7 of the best agricultural companies and projects put in practice in the Middle East.

There’s no getting around it: the world is becoming a much less secure place in which to live. Economies are tanking, geo-political systems are in turmoil, weather events such as wintertime drought are becoming more frequent and serious, and already dangerous planetary warming is being exacerbated by phenomenon such as giant plumes of gurgling methane discovered in the great white north.

All of these factors have an impact on the ability of ordinary people to find healthy food at decent prices.

So we have gathered a few big ideas that are being harnessed in the Middle East region to address these challenges and increase our resilience amidst one of the most uncertain times that humanity has faced.

Read on for the not-to-miss list.

1. Eddy 

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Eddy (see website here) is a low-cost device packed with powerful sensors that makes it easy for anyone, anywhere to access the benefits of hyper-local food. It is built with artificial intelligence to listen to plants and understand exactly what they need when they are growing in your spare bedroom or rooftop garden or farm. Pick up Eddy, add it to your garden, add seed types, nutrient types, connect with people nearby and Eddy will guide you through to perfection.

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The company is in the hot area of urban agriculture and like Aerofarms (#2 on our list) Eddy can be used in any sized hydroponic garden or vertical farm. It sits in the water reservoir, and by connecting you to community and data, you are able to grow any kind of food in the world. Using hydroponics. The company is offering a 50% discount to the first 1000 people who sign up to order the product when it ships in the coming months. Sign up here to secure your product and discount. Hydroponics is great for the Middle East, as it’s up to 90% water efficient.

2. AeroFarms Vertical Farming

agriculture, middle east food shortages, groassis, aerofarms, liveinslums, water shortages, farming, soilless farming, vertical farmingGreen Prophet writer Susan Kraemer wrote that AeroFarms could herald one of the most important developments in food harvesting since humans switched from hunting and gathering to farming. Based in New Jersey, Aeroponics using a method of hydroponics to grow hyper-local food.

These clever stacked farms that can be used virtually anywhere – including inside buildings in the heart of any city – use aeroponic farming technology instead of soil and sunshine to grow food. Saudi Arabia has already embraced the technology that specifically addresses estimates that 80% of the world’s burgeoning population will be living in cities by 2050.

Since this company has come online, a hot new food tech startup flux, has taken hydroponics one step further, by adding a layer of artificial intelligence to understand the language of plants.

3. Yemenite Rainwater Harvesting

agriculture, middle east food shortages, groassis, aerofarms, liveinslums, water shortages, farming, soilless farming, vertical farmingIt’s not tech by today’s standards, but it’s traditional innovation. Food grows where water flows, so harvesting rainwater in nearly dry cities such as Sana’a in Yemen is absolutely pivotal to any kind of agricultural success.

Which is why Sabrina Faber’s award-winning rainwater capture system is so clever. Adding to its ingenuity is its sheer simplicity: the rainwater harvesting system will be incorporated into rooftops and is modelled after traditional capture designs Faber has seen out in Yemen’s countryside.

4. Gaza’s Green Roofs of Herbs and Vegetables

agriculture, middle east food shortages, groassis, aerofarms, liveinslums, water shortages, farming, soilless farming, vertical farming“They” say that necessity is the mother of invention, and this is turning out to be particularly true when it comes to food. Many residents in Gaza have experienced have embraced one of the largest growing urban agricultural solutions. They are building their own hydroponics solutions.

Having no land and stunted access to to food, many people in this politically-charged strip of land are growing cabbage, eggplants, and endochriyya [a plant used for making soup] in the winter, as well as chili, garlic, and onions in summer, and they are doing all of this on their flat rooftops that receive plenty of sunlight. Several rooftop farming initiatives have popped up in Cairo and Beirut as well.

5. Liveinslums Microgardens in Cairo

agriculture, middle east food shortages, groassis, aerofarms, liveinslums, water shortages, farming, soilless farming, vertical farmingA Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), Liveinslums has worked with local architects and designers to help residents in Cairo’s neglected City of the Dead grow microjardins – mini, soilless, and transportable subsistence gardens that also fertilize the sand.

In addition to being incredibly portable, the microjardins are easy to construct.

Liveinslums provide seeds, turf and perlite, which act as a substitute to soil, vitamin solutions that are added to water, and plastic, wood, and other recycled materials out of which these mini gardens are made. Initiatives like this demonstrate that with the right amount of tender loving care, food can be grown anywhere!

6. Feeding Abu Dhabi With Water From Air

agriculture, middle east food shortages, groassis, aerofarms, liveinslums, water shortages, farming, soilless farming, vertical farmingDespite having some of the world’s most largest and grandest desalination plants, the Gulf countries are quite possibly the most vulnerable when it comes to water, and they are rising to the challenge with some of the most sophisticated water capture innovations.

With an average humidity level of 61% , the Abu Dhabi Farmers’ Services Center (FSC) has spearheaded G-earth  – a technology that extracts condensation from the air to provide water for Abu Dhabi greenhouses.

7. SEKEM – Egyptian Organic Farm

agriculture, middle east food shortages, groassis, aerofarms, liveinslums, water shortages, farming, soilless farming, vertical farmingOrganic farming may not be new, but Egypt’s largest is so successful that we can’t ignore its potential to not only save people from food shortages, but also to restore the country’s soil to sustainable levels.

Established by Dr. Ibrahim Abouleish in 1977, SEKEM is an organic farming community that integrates social, economic and environmental development just outside Cairo. Run by Dr. Abouleish’s son Helmy, this incredible enterprise that champions the best in sustainable farming techniques has grown from 70 hectares to several thousand!

So what did COP21 in France conclude?

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COP21 what came from itThe Paris Conference of Parties has officially ended with 195 nations signing up to a partially legally binding program of measures for curbing climate change.  Green Prophet’s read the 31-page agreement and we urge you to do the same.  Find the full report here, saving you an unnecessary online search (which Google estimates as producing 0.02 grams of CO2). What’s it boil down to?

1. It’s a global pact that for the first time asks all countries to limit their greenhouse gas emissions.

2. Between now and the year 2100 participating nations must commit to enacting changes that will keep average global temperatures from rising another 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit between now and the year 2100.

3. Wealthy developed nations will give financial support to developing countries involved in the pact, to the tune of $100 billion USD per year by 2020. According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website, funding may come from bilateral or multilateral, public or private sources, including creative financing (such as the French contribution to the financial transaction tax). Public financing may take several forms: multilateral funds such as the Green Climate Fund; multilateral or regional institutions such as the World Bank; government contributions; and bilateral institutions such as the Agence Française de Développement. (This scheme stands apart from the Green Climate Fund: only part of this newly agreed sum will pass through the Fund.)

4. The treaty now heads to the national legislatures of the 195 involved countries. At least 55 countries representing 55% of the world’s emission must sign on before 2020.

The first UN Climate Change Conference was held in 1995 in Berlin, this international treaty to curb climate change has been twenty years in the making. But the heaviest lift remains as nations decide which parts of it will be legally required. Absent clear legal language to guarantee compliance, it’s too soon to tell if COP21 be any more effective than previous climate agreements which fell flat over performance monitoring and enforcement.

“A lot of that language is still in brackets,” Greenpeace representative Naomi Ages at told FRANCE 24 on Friday.

Watch this space.

Water, Wars and an Uncertain Future

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sundeep waskelarAs the world awaits the release of the final draft agreement emerging from the COP21 climate talks – expected this morning –  longtime expert in water policy, Dr. Sundeep Waslekar explores one specific aspect of climate change in the following article, providing clear insight into the future of water, not only as a critical resource for all life, but as a tool in achieving Middle East Peace.

Paris climate talks extended another day

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COP21Global climate talks expected to close today in Paris have extended into Saturday, according French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius.  Appearing last night on French BFMTV he said that he would present a new compromise text for a deal to combat global warming on Saturday morning.  The extra day of negotiations aims to reach accord between the near-200 participating nations.

One hundred and ninety-five nations, each with a specific agenda. Scan ten facts brought to the table.  Can another day of discussion make headway into at least one theme?

  • 2015 was the hottest year ever recorded.
  • Earth will be 2.7 warmer by the end of the century if governments don’t cut CO2 emissions.
  • Since 1993, sea levels have risen 3.2 mm annually.
  • 2014 recorded 91 hurricanes, a new world record.
  • Insurance companies lose $50 billion annually due to natural disaster and climate change.
  • 3.3 million people die each year due to air pollution.
  • 8% of species are threatened with extinction if global temperatures rise by 3% by 2100.
  • The USA has used 250 billion gallons of water for fracking between 2005 through 2014.
  • One square kilometer of virgin forest is lost every second around the planet.
  • 10.1 million more people will be pushed below the poverty line.

“The atmosphere is good, things are positive, things are going in the right direction”, Fabius added. The betting window is open: let us hear which topics you think will be tackled, and what difference will another day make.

Arab civil society calls Arab nations to achieve 100% renewable energy

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IndyACT

While UN climate-conference delegates seek ways to cut world reliance on high-carbon fuels like oil, OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) confirmed that it would keep producing oil at current levels, estimated in excess of 31 million barrels a day, despite prices that continue to plummet. Arab activists are on the case.

Earlier this week activists gathered in front of the main plenary of the COP21 negotiations to express their frustration toward the current Saudi position and how the rest of Arab countries are following their lead at the climate talks underway in Paris.

“Right now, in the Arab Group, there is no peer pressure, there are no champions, so Saudi Arabia has been allowed to act as a blocker for much of the climate talks. Arab countries are standing silent and letting Saudi Arabia talk on their behalf. Morocco and Egypt have strong climate action plans and Jordan has the largest wind farm in the region, but due to their silence, their climate action and their reputations are being undermined. Will they keep hiding behind Saudi Arabia’s obstruction, or will they step out and represent the will for climate action in the region?”, said Safa’ al Jayoussi, head of climate campaign at IndyACT and CAN Arab World coordinator.

IndyACT and other youth activists staged a bit of performance art for international media, wherein negotiators tried to move towards an ambitious carbon-cutting agreement, but – tethered to the “oil industry”, they failed to make headway. “This reflects what is happening behind closed doors.  We are asking Arab countries who are leading in renewable energy to take the initiative in moving ahead with an ambitious agreement,” PanAfrican Climate Justice Alliance representative and CAN Arab World Coordinator Chakri Said said in a press release.

“The conference in Paris presents our leaders with the opportunity to take critical action, such as investing in clean energy and the removal of legal and structural obstacles by creating detailed national energy plans that facilitate a fast transition to a 100% renewable energy system. This is essential if we are to keep average temperature rises to no more than 1.5°C, ” said al Jayoussi.

IndyACT is the leading Arab non-governmental organization working on climate change policy.  Want to get involved on a local level?  Contact Ms. al Jayoussi (email link here).

Images from IndyAct

Will COP 21 finally deal with climate change ?

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climate-change reality

This year’s Conference of the Parties, known as COP21, may turn out to be the one that finally addresses the ravages of human caused climate change. Or will it? COP21 comes on the heels of some of the worst climate issues that humankind has experienced in recent years; including intense typhoons and hurricanes; and crazy Middle East “heat domes” that may make parts of the ME uninhabitable by year 2100. Also included are worsening droughts in many locations, including India, Africa, and the United States.

Fossil fuels, especially heavily polluting ones like coal and petroleum are still being extensively used in most industrialized countries; especially so in China. These fuels could derail the global warming degree target of 2 degrees Celsius; the warming temperature increase limit to be agreed upon in this year’s conference. Even this amount, if possible to attain, would still result in significant damage to the global environment, especially to agriculture in developing countries.

This years conference In Paris France is being attended by many of the world’s top leaders, including US President Barack Obama and Chinese president Xi Jinping. XI’s
participation comes at a time when some of the worst air pollution levels ever recorded are choking cities like Beijing. Much more than speeches and photo ops are needed, however, to slow down the increasing effects of global warming and climate change; that many climatists are now attributing to be largely caused by over use of fossil fuels.

Commuters, some wearing masks to protect themselves from pollutants, wait at a bus stand on a heavily polluted day in Beijing, Monday, Nov. 30, 2015. Beijing on Sunday, Nov. 29 issued its highest smog alert of the year following air pollution in capital city reached hazardous levels as smog engulfed large parts of the country despite efforts to clean up the foul air. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

 

In an interview with CNN’s Christiane Amanpour, Christina Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change,  said: ” A climate change treaty is in our shared interest.There is a good mood among countries to fight climate change. We need a legally binding treaty for all countries to adhere to; especially the large industrialized countries”. Ms. Figueres added that green technology projects must be accelerated; particularly those involving solar and wind energy.

Despite all the good intentions being expressed by the various high profile delegates attending this year’s conference, will an agreed upon climate change treaty be a situation
of “too little, too late” to deal with what is beginning to look like an irreversable reality? China, one of the worst pollutors on the planet, already has air pollution levels so high in Beijing that they are considered to be “extremely hazardous”.

Even in the USA, severe dust storms, normally attributed to other parts of world like the Middle East, are already occurring in states like Arizona as shown in this video

Reaching the agreed annual world temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius is still not a very desirable level, taking the aforementioned “heat dome” phenomenom into account.
Large areas of countries like India, Kuwait and Iraq are already unlivable during the summer months. Weaning large industrial countries off dependence on fossel fuels will take years; and require heavy investments in infrastructure changes to renewable energy. Taking the example of the Arab Gulf region into account, do we have the time to reverse the ravages of climate change? Or is it already too late to do so?

More articles on climate change:

Crazy heat dome will mean no one can live in the Arab Gulf by 2100
Climate change “worst” is yet to come, UN report warns today
The wrath of global warming and the Middle East

Photo of effects of dangerous air pollution levels in Beijing, by Yahoo News/Andy Wong:

Photo Climate change image by  Tutu Foundation USA

MENA must push – NOW! – for 100% renewable energy

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Arab role in climate changeThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) must keep pace with the rest of the world and push for a future fully powered by renewable energy, says IndyACT, the leading Arab non-governmental organization working on climate change policy.

Israeli lab aims to hatch chicken from stem cells!

MAF lab-grown chicken

Israeli non-profit Modern Agriculture Foundation (MAF) is developing lab-grown chicken meat that doesn’t require the rearing and slaughtering of birds.  Since 2014, they’ve been researching mass production of cultured chicken meat from a single bird cell.  If they succeed, we could soon be asking, Which came first, the chicken…or the chicken?

Chicken is the world’s second favorite meat product after pork, with an estimated 23 million chickens killed daily just to feed Americans. The United Nations estimates that by 2050 world population will exceed 9.6 billion. That’s two billion more mouths to feed, and increasingly, they’ll be meat-eaters. How is the food industry gearing up for demand?

In 2013, Green Prophet reported on the first lab-grown beef, an experiment undertaken by Maastricht University which culminated in a hamburger patty that cost roughly $325,000 to create. We questioned the viability of “victimless meat“: will consumer commitment to food with a lower carbon footprint overcome the “ick” factor of meat born in a petri dish?  Considerable investment will be needed to scale up to commercial manufacture, so for now production of synthetic meat (or shmeat, or tubesteak) is now limited to research labs.

lab-farmed chicken

Did you know that ranching and livestock rearing now take up 30% of earth’s surface? Meat production causes negative environmental impacts ranging from soil erosion to deforestation with significant losses in biodiversity.

A report from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization found that current levels of meat production contributes up to 22 percent of the 36 billion tons of “CO2-equivalent” greenhouse gases (GHG) generated globally every year. Scientific American put that into perspective, calculating that producing half a pound of hamburger releases as much GHG into the atmosphere as driving a 3,000-pound car nearly 10 miles. The industry is also a voracious consumer of water (4,325 liters of water is required to produce 1 kg of chicken meat, according to the British Institute of Mechanical Engineers ).

“Earth cannot take it. It’s not a prediction or speculation. It’s truth. There’s not enough land on the planet to raise the animals. We are raising 70 billion land animals at the moment. We won’t have space for another 70 billion,” MAF cofounder and biologist Shir Friedman told Mirror Online.

factory farmed chicken

Cultivated meat sidesteps animal cruelty and flock-shared disease such as Avian and Swine flu.

Chickens bred for meat are typically raised in highly efficient (and controversially cruel) intensive factory farms which accelerate the birds’ growth to market weight in six to seven weeks, a rate three times faster than in the mid-1900’s.

Use of growth hormones in poultry is illegal in the US and many other countries, but the animals are fed high calorie feeds to quicken weight gain, which cause all manner of medical problems to the birds including immobility. Proponents of cultivated meat will point out that the fried thigh you are about to tuck into may have been pressed to a feces-packed floor for the few months of its owner’s life, featherless and covered with sores.

Cultured meat is made from stem cells harvested from live animals. The cells are fed with a nutrient cocktail that enables them to grow into muscle tissue, which must be mechanically stimulated in order to develop properly. It is 100% meat, and involves no genetic engineering.

factory farmed chicken

Tissue specialist Amit Gefen (pictured below) from Tel Aviv University’s Department of Biomedical Engineering is heading up the MAF study which aims to have devise a lab-cultured chicken meat recipe by January 2016, identifying all associated technologies, resources, and costs.  The goal is to one day produce in factories on a commercial scale, which would require between seven and 45 percent less energy, 90% less fresh water and 99% less land, and would result in 80 to 90% less GHG emissions than the traditional chicken meat industry.

amit gefen

“If 2.5 billion people join us in eating only cultured meat by 2050, we get all those resources back. It’s truly a magic solution,” says Friedman.

Hebrew University Prof. Yuval Noah Harari, author of Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, says that if the process becomes economically feasible, “the ecological and ethical considerations would make cultured meat irresistible. Cultured meat is one of the most important revolutions in the history of food and in the history of humankind itself.”

MAF is an all-volunteer nonprofit organization founded in March last year. The project is privately funded.

Lead image of a chicken from Shutterstock, all others from MAF Facebook page.

Climate change has its soundtrack! Concrete organ makes music from rising seas

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sea organCroatian architect Nicola Bašić added a sensual dimension to a waterfront promenade in Zadar, Croatia by using wave energy to create sound. His concrete “sea organ” harnesses kinetic energy from the Adriatic sea to create random – but soothing – harmonized notes. It’s a bit of a riff off Nero fiddling while Rome burns; as the “music” increases as waves intensify, this could be the soundtrack to climate change.

Climate change disasters doubled – eating up world’s food security

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Droughts, floods, storms and other disasters triggered by climate change have risen in frequency and severity over the last three decades, increasing the damage caused to the agricultural sectors of many developing countries and putting them at risk of growing food insecurity, the UN’s FAO warned in a new report released today ahead of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) in Paris next month.

Worldwide, between 2003 and 2013 – the period analyzed in the study – the average annual number of disasters caused by all types of natural hazards, including climate-related events, almost doubled since the 1980s.

The total economic damage caused is estimated at $1.5 trillion.

safaga floods egypt red sea coast

Focusing specifically on the impact of climate-related disasters in developing countries, some 25 percent of the negative economic impacts were borne by the crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry sectors alone.

In the case of drought, over 80 percent of the damage and losses affected the agriculture sector, especially livestock and crop production.

The FAO report is based on a review of 78 on the ground post disaster needs-assessments conducted in developing countries coupled with statistical analyses of production losses, changes in trade flows and agriculture sector growth associated with 140 medium and large scale disasters – defined as those affecting at least 250,000 people.

The report clearly demonstrates that natural hazards – particularly extreme weather events – regularly impact heavily on agriculture and hamper the eradication of hunger, poverty and the achievement of sustainable development.

The situation is likely to worsen unless measures are taken to strengthen the resilience of the agriculture sector and increase investments to boost food security and productivity and also curb the harmful effects of climate change.

Small farmers’ livelihoods erased

“This year alone, small-scale farmers, fisherfolk, pastoralists and foresters – from Myanmar to Guatemala and from Vanuatu to Malawi – have seen their livelihoods eroded or erased by cyclones, droughts, floods and earthquakes,” said FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva.

Wadi-Rum-farmers-with-squash

“National strategies for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation that support resilience must address the types of disasters with the greatest impact on the agriculture sector, the FAO Director-General said.

Drought has an especially detrimental impact – around 90 percent of production losses – on agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa where the sector on average contributes to a quarter of GDP, rising to a half when agribusiness is included.

At a conservative estimate, total crop and livestock production losses after major droughts were equivalent to more than $30 billion between 1991 and 2013 in the region.

Drought often has a major cascading effect on national economies as shown in Kenya where between 2008 and 2011 it caused significant losses in the food processing industry, particularly grain milling and coffee and tea processing.

Many Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to the impact of floods and storms. For example, crop production losses caused by the 2010 floods in Pakistan directly affected cotton ginning, rice processing and flour and sugar milling, while cotton and rice imports surged. In this case, some 50 percent of the $10 billion in total damages and losses fell on the agriculture sector.

Understanding the impact of different types of disasters is crucial to ensure that the most appropriate policies and practices are implemented.

Floods cause more than half of the total damage and loss to crops which are also very vulnerable to storms and drought. Around 85 percent of the damage caused to livestock is due to drought, while fisheries are overwhelmingly affected by tsunamis and storms such as hurricanes and cyclones. Most of the negative economic impact to forestry is caused by storms and floods.

Beyond production losses, the study shows how disasters can cause unemployment and erode incomes especially for small scale family farmers, thus threatening rural livelihoods. For instance, the 2010 floods in Pakistan affected 4.5 million workers, two-thirds of whom were employed in agriculture and over 70 percent of farmers lost more than half of their expected income.

Worldwide, the livelihoods of 2.5 billion people depend on agriculture, yet only 4.2 percent of total official development assistance was spent on agriculture between 2003 and 2012 – less than half the United Nations target of 10 percent. Investment in disaster risk reduction is extremely low: only around 0.4 percent of official development aid in 2010 and 2011.

FAO stresses that aid should better reflect the impact of disasters on the agriculture sector.

Investments into disaster response and recovery should also build resilience to future shocks through risk reduction and management measures, particularly in countries facing recurrent disasters and where agriculture is a critical source of livelihoods, food and nutrition security, as well as a key driver of the economy.

This is high times for hydroponics to step into the picture.

hydroponic-farm-internet-of-things

Cool innovation shocks salt from sea water

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Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink!

Desalinating sea water is a costly and energy consuming way of providing fresh water in many parts of world. Though methods such as Graphene-Nanotechnology makes desalination more efficient, the end result is still problematic due to clogging of separation filters.

Returning heavily saline brine residue back to the sea makes seawater even more saline.

Rich countries and states like California, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and even Israel don’t care about cost of desalination to the national energy bill or to greenhouse gas emissions. We have said before and we will say again, desalination is not efficient and should only be used in a last-case scenario.

New research promises a more energy way to desalinate?

Mideast Israel Palestinians Water Source

A much more efficient way of separating salt from sea or brackish water by literally shocking the salt from the water is being developed by a research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Invented by an MIT research team, the system uses an electrically driven shockwave within a stream of flowing water that literally pushes salty water to one side of the flow and fresh water to the other.

This allows easy separation of the two streams without needing a filtration membrane.  The team leader, Professor Martin Bazant, a professor of chemical engineering and mathematics, says that the electrolysis process is a “fundamentally new and different separation system that forms a membrane-less separation of ions and particles.”

The new electrical shocking system works without using a traditional desalination system of reverse osmosis  or conventional electrodialysis, “This process looks similar to electrodialysis, but it’s fundamentally different,” says Bazant.

Besides the high costs involved, one of the biggest problems of conventional desalination is the clogging or fouling — a buildup of filtered material; or to degradation due to water pressure.

This often occurs with conventional membrane-based desalination, including conventional electrodialysis: “With our system, the charged salt particles, or ions, “just move to one side,” says Bazant.

One of the more promising uses of the electrical shocking system is removing salt and other impurities from brackish water; including cleaning of large amounts of wastewater generated by hydraulic fracturing, or fracking.

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Since the electro shocking process does not require the large infrastructure needed by conventional desalination, it can be used to clean saline waste water extracted by oil and gas wells: “The electric fields created by this process are pretty high, so we may be able to kill the bacteria in the water,” says Sven Schlumpberger, a graduate student also working on the project.

The electro shocking process being worked on by Professor Bazant and his colleagues is still in the developmental process; so it may be a while until it is actually put into use on a commercial scale. As a viable alternative to conventional desalination methods, it does appear to be promising.

What to do with the salt that “moves off to one side” willstill be an issue that will have to be dealt with, however.

Dive into our resources on desalination:

Graphene nanotechnology makes desalination 100 times more efficient
Cyprus gets new desalination plant with Mekorot Israel’s know-how
Going Green ends with Water from the Sea

Photo of fracking water pool, by MIT News: 

Real life virtual reality download of how Syrian refugees live

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clouds_over_sidra_UNEach day, something terrible happens somewhere in this world. Families and communities are torn apart and thrown together in unfamiliar ways. Strangers who had found one another just barely tolerable become fellow humans, grieving needing and helping one another to survive.

“My name is Sidra. I am 12 years old… I have lived here in the Zaatari camp in Jordan for the last year and a half.”

Filmmaker Chris Milk took his empathy machine and virtual reality concept to the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. This is where a majority of Syrian refugees have fled to, and a couple of Green Prophet writers have been leading projects to mitigate the suffering. His new virtual reality film can help us imagine standing in their shoes and see and feel more about the lives of these vulnerable people.

Milk is using Virtual Reality (VR) technology to increase our emotional bandwidth beyond what was possible in movies. VR technology has been with us for decades but it has been refined and its cost has dropped dramatically.

Occulus Rift, Google Cardboard and other VR devices will be hot sellers in the coming year. But Chris Milk didn’t wait. He shot “Clouds over Sidra” at Jordan’s Zaatari refugee camp.

[youtube]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFnhMX6oR1Q[/youtube]

This was the first Virtual reality film ever made for the United Nations. Chris explains that unlike film where the viewer is looking through a window frame, this technology takes the viewer through the frame so that they experience what it is like to be in the room with Sidra or sitting next to her in her classroom.

The project was presented to UN dignitaries in Geneva, Switzerland and it did seem to make a difference in their perceptions. Maybe it will for each of us.

Try it yourself by downloading Google Play, VRSE and viewing “Clouds over Sidra” on VRSE, Google Cardboard or other virtual reality devices. If you watch this film on non-VR devices you’ll see it as a distorted 360 degree movie.

The mechanical details of each tragedy are broadcast to the world via live satellite. While survivors are still struggling to breath, observers are consumed with the statistics of disaster.

A category 5 hurricane, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake, the killers were quiet men who kept to themselves. The death toll was 404.

These facts spark our most primitive emotions first because these require the fewest bits of information. We fear that this tragedy might happen to us or we grow angry and seek to punish the real or imagined cause. Our despair grows as these darker motions consume us.

Empathy is a more complex, less primitive and more uniquely human emotion. According to a Princeton and Duke University study entitled, “Brain’s Social Network Implicated in Dehumanizing Others,” by Rick Nauert, MRI scans show that there is a part of the human brain associated with empathy.

But prejudice, racism and socioeconomic status can turn off this empathic part of a person’s brain and enable one associated with disgust. Might this empathy gap explain why people tend to shun war refugees at the same time as they spend millions of dollars per day on wars?

Empathy seems to require more communication bandwidth. Sometimes it requires direct contact with loved-ones in the faraway land or a memories of a time when we ourselves also lived through such a tragedy. Music, photography and visual arts can also trigger empathy. Functional MRI studies have found that literature literally helps us get inside the minds of others by activating the same regions in our brain that tell us the story of who we are.migrant_mother_1936_syrian_refugee_2015

Whatever the cause for the connection, some people are able to feel deeply for the victims of disaster. Their empathy expands to the scale of the disaster. The may lose sleep, grow physically sick or fall into a depression. Or they might feel compelled to do something, anything to try to fix whatever it is that is broken with the world, with the focus on the needs of the victims rather than the punishment of the cause.

clouds_finalThe late film critic Roger Ebert considered empathy to be the most essential quality of a civilization, “We all are born with a certain package. We are who we are: where we were born, who we were born as, how we were raised.

“We’re kind of stuck inside that person, and the purpose of civilization and growth is to be able to reach out and empathize a little bit with other people. And for me, the movies are like a machine that generates empathy. It lets you understand a little bit more about different hopes, aspirations, dreams and fears. It helps us to identify with the people who are sharing this journey with us.”

 

Photos from Chris Milk’s “Clouds over Sidra” at VRSE.
Photo of Migrant mother (1936) by Dorthy Lange.
Photo of Syrian refugee woman(2015) by Washington Post

Thanks also to my Lebanese-American cousin Mud for her thoughtful piece on emotional responses to disasters, Laurie Balbo who works with Studio Syria and Collateral Repair; Gael at Dar al Yasmin for giving my family some non-virtual reality experience with Syrian refugees to help us imagine them not as anonymous faraway strangers, but as human beings.

Time to settle the debate? Oldest ful and hummus beans found in Israel

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fava-beans-cave-man
Prehistoric cave men are thought of as club-wielding brutes who roast animals on logs, but the latest findings about pre-historic man suggests that he loved beans, fava beans in particular. Does this mean the world’s oldest ful and hummous actually comes from modern-day Israel?

Jokes aside, the findings are significant because they give us a better understanding of how the agriculture revolution, which started in the Near East region of Israel, Jordan and Egypt, came about and spread to the rest of the world.

Fava beans, or ful in Arabic and Hebrew are a much loved part of the hummous breakfast eaten in the Middle East, but people thousands of years ago loved them too!

The joint study by researchers of the Weizmann Institute and the Israel Antiquities Authority, examined the fava seeds exposed in archaeological excavations in recent years at Neolithic caves and sites in the Galilee region of Israel.

A plate of hummous with ful

Ful-and-choumous

Ancient man loved hummous too the researchers showed:  Seeds found at the prehistoric sites show that the inhabitants’ diet at that time consisted mainly of fava beans, lentils, peas and chickpeas. Not meat or bread.

The multitude of fava seeds (pictured above in rock) found at the Neolithic sites excavated in the Galilee during the past few years indicates the preference placed on growing fava beans. The dating of the seeds, which was done at the Kimmel Center in the Weizmann Institute, indicated a range of dates between 9,890 to 10,160 years ago.

These well-preserved seeds were found in excavations, inside storage pits (granaries) after they had been husked. The seeds’ dimensions are a uniform size–a datum showing they were methodically cultivated, and were harvested at the same period of time, when the legumes had ripened.

According to the researchers, keeping the seeds in storage pits is also reflective of long-term agricultural planning, whereby the stored seeds were intended not only for food, but also to ensure future crops in the coming years.

The researchers added, “The identification of the places where plant species that are today an integral part of our diet were first domesticated is of great significance to research. Despite the importance of cereals in nutrition that continues to this day, it seems that in the region we examined (west of the Jordan River), it was the legumes, full of flavor and protein, which were actually the first species to be domesticated.

“A phenomenon known as the agricultural revolution took place throughout the region at this time: different species of animals and plants were domesticated across the Levant, and it is now clear that the area that is today the Galilee was the main producer of legumes in prehistoric times.

“This is a process that lasted thousands of years, during which certain characteristics of wild species changed, and domesticated plant species were created. To this day, most of the chickpeas grown in the country are cultivated in the Galilee region.”

These are chickpeas that Israelis enjoy, mainly as a hummous dip, spread or as a bowl they dig into for breakfast.