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Fungi Could Clean Pollution, Give Fuel and Food: Egypt Research

Mycology research Egypt, Azeem, Suez Canal UniversityAhmed Abdel Azim and his team at Suez Canal University advance research in mycology (fungi)

Its not the first time that Green Prophet covers stories on how Egyptian scientists are applying science to public policy. In 2011 Azza Abdel Hamid Faiad, winner of the European Union Contest for Young Scientists, found a new way of turning plastic into biofuel. In the last couple of years mycology research in Egypt has been flourishing as new research studies and projects are beginning to look at ways in which fungi could help overcome many of the economic and social problems in the Middle East North Africa region.

In 2010 Ahmed Abdel Azim, mycologist at Suez Canal University and founder of the Arab Society for Fungal Conservation, published the first fully documented checklist of 2281 species of fungi in Egypt.  In an interview with Green Prophet, Abdel Azim reveals some of the many research projects which could help tackle waste and soil pollution, fuel scarcity and food security in the Arab world.

Israel’s First Bike Museum in Converted Chicken Coop

Bertin Derailleur racincing bikeBertini Derailleur racing bikes like this one were used by Israeli cyclists in the Rome 1960 Olympiad

Bicycle riding, including bike sharing in Tel Aviv and traveling by bike in the Middle East have been popular topics that Green Prophet writers have enjoyed sharing with their readers. Those living in urban areas, where bike riding is a very green way of getting around, stories of young bicycle enthusiasts using an abandoned bus lane in Amman Jordan and  a girl and her green bicycle in Saudi Arabia  indicate that bike riding is becoming increasingly popular in the Middle East.

Fake Wind Towers “Heat” Homes in Abu Dhabi

Richard Allenby-Pratt, wind tower, fake wind tower, energy, Abu Dhabi, art, photography, environmentOn a man-made Abu Dhabi island, fake wind towers heat homes instead of cooling them.

I recently photographed a new housing development on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi. You can see it on Google Earth. The wind tower design originates from Persia. The earliest examples of wind towers, used for cooling houses, in the United Arab Emirates can be seen in a small area known as Bastakiya, by the creek in Dubai. These buildings were built by Persian traders about 100 years ago after Sheikh Maktoum Bin Hasher Al Maktoum became the first of the Dubai Sheikhs to create a tax free trade zone, the basis of a business model still employed by the rulers of Dubai to this day.

Locusts Swarm Lebanon. Fodder for a Tasty Treat?

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nature, locusts, agriculture, Lebanon, farmers, copulating locustsLocusts that bred in southern Egypt first swarmed Cairo, causing panic in Israel and Jordan, and now Lebanese farmers are battling the pests as well. Farmers in the north and south of Lebanon reported locust clouds over the weekend and expressed concern over the impact the insects would have on their crops. But the Agriculture Ministry told the National News Agency that these locusts pose no real threat.

Shams 1: World’s Largest Concentrated Solar Plant Goes Live

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cleantech, Masdar, Shams 1, World's Largest CSP plant, solar power, renewable energy, The Shams 1 Concentrated Solar Plant (CSP) in Abu Dhabi is the largest of its kind in the world and it has finally gone live. Green Prophet visited the 100MW plant in the western region of the United Arab Emirates earlier this year as part of a Masdar-sponsored media tour during the World Future Energy Summit (WFES), and we were deeply impressed with the project’s progressive scope and size.

With 258,000 mirrors on 768 tracking parabolic trough collectors harnessing the sun’s energy to power a steam turbine, the plant developed by Shams Power Company occupies an area of 2.5 square kilometers or 285 football fields. Now that it is live, it is expected to generate sufficient energy to power 20,000 homes and divert 170,000 tons of CO2 emissions from the atmosphere each year.

Make Meat Your Religion

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horse-meat-horsemeat-scandal-police-linesI grew up eating horsemeat. It was considered a treat –– a Dutch delicacy. Maybe once every four or five months my dad would come home with half a pound of it wrapped in waxed paper from the Dutch store. It was sliced thin, like prosciutto. Salty and delicate it almost melted in my mouth. This paardenrookvlees was expensive and I am not sure that’s the reason why we didn’t eat it more often. I wasn’t sentimental about it, and enjoyed it when it was there. We ate it on a slice of buttered white bread the same way we’d eat chocolate shavings on bread, the old Dutch way. Or we’d just pop a piece into our mouths.

It is scandalous when people buy something and then are lied to and given another product. But I am not surprised over the horsemeat headlines in Europe and North America: people have become too far removed from what they eat.

As a former horsemeat eater, it’s no big deal to hear the news that there is horsemeat in Swedish meatballs. But I do blame consumers for the scandal: When you go to the grocery store you see plainly that the amount of packaged food far outweighs fresh produce, deli items and basic things like cheese. Don’t you see that this is something wrong?

Most of the packaged and frozen food at the grocery store are just things you can make yourself.

Who needs a dozen kinds of pretzels, one hundred or more kinds of cereals, a hundred kids of bread, fifty kinds of granola bars? Hundred and hundreds of packaged and bottled sauces, isles and isles of frozen foods?

Years ago when I was a kid the only kind of frozen dinner you could buy was a TV dinner or fish sticks. And that for my parents was something we reserved for when they were going out for the night.

Now frozen dinners have become the norm. They have swapped places with regular home cooked meals. This means our families are getting poorer quality food, with important local ingredients gone –– including the most important one, love, missing.

Instead of preparing food, everything has become easy: buy some pre-made cookie mix or partially baked bread. Pop it in the oven and voila – a homecooked meal.

I think if I were going to be in an uproar over the horsemeat scandal I’d be adding to the list all the different kinds of chemicals and additives that make their way into our food as well.

My solution: people should become more religious about their food.

If you look at religious groups, let’s say the Jews, they are constantly scanning, checking, and monitoring their meat sources.

Kosher beef comes from kosher animals that have no wounds, and which are in sound health. They are slaughtered in a very specific way, and the blood from the animal is drained. Jews are constantly checking what’s in their food on religious grounds. Jews cannot for instance eat milk and meat together in any circumstance, except perhaps for medical reasons.

There is no better example of stringency towards food in the Jewish community as now, during the days before Passover when a whole pile of food laws and regulations come into effect. Thanks to the old story of escaping slavery in Egypt, and not having enough time to leaven their bread, Jews do not eat leavened bread on Passover. They are even forbidden from seeing it.

Religious Jews in Israel have now gone so far as to get one of their main water sources from the Sea of Galilee cut off during Passover. The argument goes that if someone drops a piece of bread into the lake during Passover, the entire public’s drinking water will be contaminated –– even if in homeopathic amounts.

This idea hasn’t extended to the amount of chemicals Jews are allowed in their food, but a religious or halachic approach to cleaning and organizing food is a good model on how we can treat that which goes into our homes and bodies.

The most devout Jews will eat meat from slaughterers and butchers who they know. I have friends whose parents have never eaten at a restaurant, even extremely religiously supervised ones. They won’t eat in them because they don’t trust the source of the food.

For this reason my husband’s Jewish grandmother would make her own kosher wine every year for Passover. Also in Islam, and Hinduism, we find societies of people that care about what goes into and what doesn’t go into their food.

Now you, whether you have moral, health, or ecological reasons –– take a look at religion to see how food is handled and consumed. With more interest in food traditions you might find fewer surprises waiting for you at the supermarket.

Whole animal eating

Making food at home is something you can engage your kids in before it’s too late. Before they are lost forever in their video games and smart phones. Forget blaming the government and the stores and the suppliers for horsemeat and prepare your own healthy food at home.

If you want to know exactly where your meat is coming from, go to a farm and buy a whole animal that can then be packaged and stored in your freezer. Or hunt. This is what men do in Northern Ontario. They organize hunts and then divvy up the moose and dear meat. It’s a great staple in cash-strapped communities.

Be outraged over the horsemeat scandal. But do something about it. Be more religious in your own way about your meat. Skip the frozen food isle and head to the meat counter. Ask where your meat comes from. Get it ground in front of eyes. Prepare food and freeze it yourself so you can still enjoy those quickie meals midweek and stop freaking out about what’s being put into your food, as if you have no say in the matter.

Red Tide Blooms Threaten Gulf of Oman, Shut Down Kalba Desalinization Plants

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dead fish on beach red tideIs red tide a man-made pollutant or a natural phenomenon? Is it a plant, animal or chemical? The answer is all of the above.

The United Arab Emirates Ministry of Environment and Water indicates that red tide may be present in the waters of the Gulf  of Oman. As a precautionary measure, Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) shut down some desalinization plants in Kalba.

Red tide is caused by a population explosion in certain species of plankton. The poison these microorganisms produce is usually reddish or brown in color and is toxic to the nervous system of fish and many other vertebrates. Red tide outbreaks can cause large fish die-offs and impact other animals. A red tide in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico recently killed at least 174 endangered Florida Manatees by weakening their muscles so they could no longer lift their heads to breath. Red tide does not necessarily kill shrimp and other shellfish, but its toxin is concentrated in these animals and can be passed on to humans who consume them.

15 surprising ways coffee grounds can make your life better

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used-coffee-grounds

Coffee can have a secret life beyond your kitchen filter or your Turkish coffee pot. From compost to creative solutions. Give new life to the mountains of used grinds we toss out every week. Your favorite bean just became even better!

1. Keep your garden cat-free

cat-in-garden

The jury’s still out on this: supposedly grounds spread around my herb seedlings will keep Amman’s gazillion stray cats from making the planter a litter box. Fingers crossed it does the trick.

2. Repel ants

repel-ants

Ants from Shutterstock

One of my friend’s used grounds repel ants: she lays down a line at all exterior thresholds.  Friend Two prefers pouring a pot of brewed coffee on the anthill. (Not sure where the Geneva Convention stands on this.)

3. Kill fridge odor

smelly fridge

Fridge via Shutterstock

Pop a bowl of fresh grounds in your refrigerator to zap foul odors.  This odor-absorbent trick works, but be warned, it also imparts a mild coffee-house scent.

4. Reduce cellulite

cellulite-bum-coffee-grounds

Cellulite from Shutterstock

Caffeine’s a major ingredient in cellulite creams, as it supposedly revs up fat metabolism. To make a home treatment, mix used coffee grounds with warmed coconut or olive oil.  Massage into your skin using a circular motion, then rinse. Inspired? Go the next step, and tightly wrap your paste-coated self in cling film.  Let it seep in for 20 minutes before rinsing.  Let us know if this works?

5. Exfoliate

Commercial scrubs contain a buffing agent, usually made from salts or ground nut shells. Make a coffee version by blending a spoonful of grounds into a splash of olive oil.  Achieve aromatherapy by adding essential oil.  Use to buff away dead winter-dry skin, works great on hands and feet.

6. De-stink the Chef

Après-cooking, get rid of smelly food residue by rubbing hands in used grounds.  Grab a handful, scrub a dub dub, and rinse. Keep an open container of dried used grounds sink-side; it’ll absorb kitchen odors.

7. Shine-up hair

Turn up the shine by rinsing dry, clean hair with strong, cooled coffee.  Leave it on for 30 minutes, then rinse. Not recommended for blonde or silver hair.

8. Natural dye

I’ve dyed Easter eggs, toned down too-bright curtains, and stained paper for an archival look using coffee.  The dye isn’t permanent (it comes out in the wash), but it’s perfect for one-off projects.

9. Scrub surfaces

Naturally abrasive coffee grounds are great for scrubbing greasy surfaces like kitchen counters, stovetops and appliances. Use them alone or mix in a little dish detergent.

10. Auto air freshener

Wrap an egg-sized amount of grounds in a piece of old pantyhose (steer clear of fishnets!), secure it with ribbon or string, and hang from the rear-view mirror.

11. Deepen Flavors

Add a tablespoon of fresh grounds to meat marinades, it works as a tenderizer and adds mild smokiness. Coffee’s deep flavor naturally partners with chocolate cakes and chili: substitute strong coffee for some of the recipe’s water requirement and rev up the richness.

12. Heal scratched furniture

Make a paste from instant coffee and rub into scuffed wood; reapply until the scratches disappear.

13. Grow mushrooms

Weekend gardeners in bone-dry Jordan are unlikely to master mushrooms, but used grounds are an ideal ‘shroom-growing medium. State-side friends bought a mushroom-growing kit that included soil made from recycled coffee grounds. Kit-maker Back to the Roots also sells coffee-based soil additives:  mushrooms are one of nature’s best recyclers, thriving on old newspaper, sawdust and, yeah, used grounds.

14. Fertilize plants

Coffee’s nutrients hold the right chemistry for azaleas, rhododendrons and other plants that thrive in acidic conditions.  Spread grounds near their roots or, in lieu of regular watering, simply pour a mix of 1/8 coffee dregs to 7/8 cool water into potted plants.

…and back to the start…

15. Make compost

Coffee grounds are loaded with phosphorous, potassium, magnesium and copper.  They’re a tad acidic and as they degrade they release nitrogen which makes for especially rich soils. If you’re tackling vermicomposting, add used grounds to the critters’ habitat.  Seems worms thrive on coffee – your kitchen waste will be chewed up by an extra-invigorated workforce.

I love the potential for community gardens: linking local coffee shops with large scale compost operations. Here in Jordan, where waste management is woefully disorganized, it’s an opportunity unlikely to be exploited, but Green Prophet would love to hear if roof gardeners and apartment farmers in other (coffee-living) Middle East countries pick up this ball and run with it.

Image of coffee beans and all others above from Shutterstock

Are Pork-fed “Porkfish” Kosher and Halal?

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porkfish

The European Commission (EC) approved a pork-based feedstock for farm-raised fish.  Next year, your mullet and trout might contain chicken and pork:

Horsemeat in burgers, meatballs and frozen lasagna is startling, but while these products include a “secret ingredient”, they remain as advertised: meat-based foods.  But what happens when the fish on your dish also contains meat?

Wild salmon won’t be tucking in to a pork roast, but their farmed cousins will soon be dining on ground up pig parts.  A variety of animal byproducts are processed into an animal protein powder, also called meat meal, which is now approved as an additive to fish food.  Byproducts include pork-sourced cartilage (from ears, tails), hooves and organs, and it’s not particularly clear that those parts come from perfectly healthy piggies either.

The Middle East is a large importer of European seafood

Seafood labeling is widely a slipshod business: in a study last year, non-profit Oceana performed DNA testing on seafood sold at 74 retail outlets in Los Angeles. Results showed that 55% of 119 fish samples were misidentified. If California can’t get species properly sorted, what’s the likelihood that the Middle East can take it a step further and also identify each fish’s diet?

How’s this swim with Jews and Muslims and pescatarians?

How can you know if your fish purchases are kosher, or halal, or just pure fish? Will the absence of dietary surety mean an exodus of shoppers from the seafood aisle? It could be that the EC is cutting off it’s own metaphorical body part in a misguided attempt to help its aquaculture industry.

In 1997, a similar fish feed was banned for its connection to Mad Cow Disease.  Debate raged over the global food network.  Was it ethical to feed cow products to cows?  Was it safe?  But time passed and rules softened, and in 2008 fish meal was reintroduced to pig and poultry feeds. This latest step flips the food chain, now feeding pork and poultry meat meal to fish.

The news is muffled.  Food Navigator gave it a few paragraphs, as did EurActiv.  But what’s the reaction in Israel and Jordan? Why no squeals from the Gulf states or snorts from Egypt?

Global web mover and shaker Avaaz is raising a stink (appropriate for a subject that combines fish and pigs).

They’ve got a petition in play to pressure governments to stop porkfish from entering our markets. Avaaz has incited over 1 million people to petition against genetically modified food in Europe, and another million to take action against mutant salmon “frankenfish”. Want to join the movement?  Click this link and sign, share with everyone interested in controlling what they eat.

More comfortable sitting back, allowing governments to meddle with your menu?  Then perhaps you should memorize a new take on an old rhyme:

This little cod went to market; this little salmon stayed home, this little tuna ate roast beef, and little tilapia had none. And this little porkfish ran all the way home!

Browse more on this in our archives: , , , , ,

Green-Roofed Istanbul International Financial Center Breaks Ground

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green roof, renewable energy, HOK, Istanbul, International Financial Center, Urban design, architecture, clean tech, green spaceIstanbul residents have been dreading this moment: construction has broken ground on an enormous International Financial Center designed to position the Turkish economy among the world’s top ten. Despite some green concessions, including green roofs, on-site renewable energy generation, and plenty of urban green space, locals who must contend with greater traffic congestion and other hazards are unlikely to be moved.

Seedy 40 Ton GMO Shipment in Egypt Shrouded in Mystery

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GMOs, genetically modified organisms, monsanto, ISAAA, egypt, agriculture, food, poverty, healthA new report published by a non-for-profit organization that promotes crop biotechnology has cast doubt on the status of a 40 ton shipment of genetically modified Monsanto maize that entered Egypt last year, local paper Egypt Independent recently reported.

Hot on the trail of GMOs in the food-scarce country, journalist Louise Sarant talked with activists and bio-safety insiders who expressed concern about discrepancies between The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)’s assertion that 1000 hectares of MON810 maize was planted in Egypt and the Ministry of Agriculture’s claims that the entire shipment of insect-resistant seeds was destroyed

Gaza Marathon Cancelled Over Girls and “Headaches” for Dads

Gaza Marathon

Hamas in Gaza does not want pretty women running in the streets. UN cancels the marathon that had almost 400 women registered for participation.

While Israel gears up for its 42k marathon next week, the United Nations cancels Gaza marathon after Hamas rulers ban women from participating. The ban is the latest attempt by the Palestinian political party to impose its ideology inside the crowded Gaza Strip. Gaza women athletes accepted the news, noting that even before the ban societal pressures made training problematic.

Islam has no specific ban on women running.  Green Prophet has reported extensively on difficulties faced by Islamic women athletes during last summer’s London Olympics.  The majority of Gaza women wear hijab and many also wear abaya.  Unlike Formula One racers “The Speed Sisters“, many Palestinian sportswomen tend to limit their exercise to indoor gyms. So why the ban?

According to National Public Radio, Gaza’s Cabinet secretary, Abdul-Salam Siam, said women running in public violated Palestinian custom,”We don’t want any woman running uncovered.” Siam said only adult women were banned: girls could participate in the April 10 race.  He wouldn’t say why Hamas didn’t ban women from the previous two races.

Over 800 runners had registered, including 266 Palestinian and 119 foreign women, according to UN spokesman Sami Mshasha.  Organizers have always been careful to encourage modest dress: runners typically wore full-length running pants and long-sleeved shirts.

Gaza rights groups urged the UN to hold the marathon, arguing that Hamas has no right to discriminate against women.

Runner Nader Masri, who represented Palestine in the 2008 Beijing Olympics in the 5k race, said Gaza’s conservative culture makes it impossible for women to run in public. “Who would allow his daughter or sister to run in the street?” Masri asked. “When a girl of 16 or 17 is running in the street, that’s not acceptable.”

Woroud Sawalha represented Palestine in the 2012 London Olympics in the 800 meters. “It means a lot for me that I am female and representing Palestine,” she told CNN’s Aiming For Gold.

The UN does not recognize a Palestinian state but the International Olympic Committee has permitted athletes to compete under a Palestinian flag since 1996.

“My dad told me that I’m a pretty woman now, and not a girl anymore, so I can’t run in the streets. It will be a headache for him because people will gossip,” said Noura Shukri, a high school student who ran in the 2011 and 2012 marathons.

Critics suggest that the cancellation shows a shift in political power.  “The decision highlights the influence of the hard-liners in the Gaza government,”  Gaza political analyst Mukheimar Abu Sada told NPR.

“We did not tell UN Relief and Works Agency to cancel the marathon and we haven’t prevented it, but we laid down some conditions: We don’t want women and men mixing in the same place,” Abdessalam Siyyam, cabinet secretary of the Hamas government, told AFP.

The race would have been the third annual  UNRWA Gaza Marathon, raising funds for the agency’s summer program for Gazan children.  The news comes days before the Tel Aviv Gillette Marathon, Israel’s largest sporting event held on held on March 15, attracting over 35,000 runners.

Update: Due to a heat wave the Tel Aviv marathon will be postponed by a week.

Why It’s Hard To Celebrate World Water Day In the Middle East

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middle east water scarcity world water day 2013With the region getting drier ‘at an alarming rate’, what is there to celebrate this World Water Day?

In the lead up to World Water Day which will take place next Friday, I have gathered some interesting water-based facts on the issue. The Middle East and North Africa region is famously one of the driest regions in the world and things don’t look like they are getting better. So what is there to actually celebrate? Read on for the bad news and also some rather great news…

Mediterranean Sharks Almost Gone Forever

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shark eggs in the sea
Mediterranean sharks risk extinction while “serious implications” feared for marine ecosystems and beyond. Accidental catches and sharks for fin soup are to blame

Shark populations in the Mediterranean and Black Sea have dropped dramatically over the last two centuries and now risk extinction, with serious implications for the region’s entire marine ecosystem and food chains, according to a new study by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Administration.

“Sharks in the Mediterranean Sea have declined by more than 97 percent in number and ‘catch weight’ over the last 200 years. They risk extinction if current fishing pressure continues,” the study found.

Libya’s Oil Reserves Pale in Comparison to Solar

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solar power, clean tech, sahara desert, mediterranean sea, DESERTEC, renewable energyLibya has long relied on its crude oil resources for revenue, but the country possesses a natural resource far more abundant and hardly tapped at all: sun.  Nearly 90 percent of the country is comprised of sun-drenched desert or semi desert and only 1.03 percent of the land is arable. Match this with solar irradiation that far north countries would die for, and Libya is sitting on a veritable gold mine.

In a recent article published in the journal Renewable Energy, researchers estimate that while Libya currently produces approximately 1.4 million barrels of crude oil a day, covering just 0.1 percent of Libya with solar panels could produce the energy equivalent of seven million gallons of crude oil. But that is easier said than done.