Recently affected areas avian flu areas appear to be in Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
The United Nations have urged this week for people to be ready against a possible but major resurgence of the Avian Flu, the H5N1, amid signs that a mutant strain of the deadly Bird Flu virus is spreading in Asia and beyond. There are unpredictable risks to human health. The H5N1 virus has infected 565 people since it first appeared in 2003, killing 331 of them, according to WHO figures. The latest death occurred earlier this month in Cambodia, which has registered eight cases of human infection this year — all of them fatal.
Since 2003 H5N1 has killed or forced the culling of more than 400 million domestic poultry and caused an estimated $20 billion of economic damage across the globe before it was eliminated from most of the 63 countries infected at its peak in 2006. However, the virus remained endemic in six nations, although the number of outbreaks in domestic poultry and wild bird populations shrank steadily from an annual peak of 4000 to just 302 in mid 2008. But outbreaks have risen progressively since, with almost 800 cases recorded in 2010-2011.
Virus spreading in poultry and wild birds
At the same time, 2008 marked the beginning of renewed geographic expansion of the H5N1 virus both in poultry and wild birds. The advance appears to be associated with migratory bird movements, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Chief Veterinary Officer Juan Lubroth. He said migrations help the virus travel over long distances, so that H5N1 has in the past 24 months shown up in poultry or wild birds in countries that had been virus-free for several years.
“Wild birds may introduce the virus, but peoples’ actions in poultry production and marketing spread it,” Lubroth noted. Recently affected areas are to be found in Israel and the Palestinian Territories, Bulgaria, Romania, Nepal and Mongolia.
A further cause for concern, Lubroth said, is the appearance in China and Vietnam of a variant virus apparently able to sidestep the defences provided by existing vaccines. In Vietnam, which suspended its springtime poultry vaccination campaign this year, most of the northern and central parts of the country — where H5N1 is endemic — have been invaded by the new virus strain, known as H5N1 – 2.3.2.1.
“The general departure from the progressive decline observed in 2004-2008 could mean that there will be a flareup of H5N1 this fall and winter, with people unexpectedly finding the virus in their backyard,” Lubroth said.
The countries where H5N1 is still firmly entrenched – Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia and Vietnam – are likely to face the biggest problems but no country can consider itself safe, he said.
“Preparedness and surveillance remain essential,” Lubroth underlined.
“This is no time for complacency. No one can let their guard down with H5N1.”
Questions remain for home egg farmers like myself. Looks like I will be looking into vaccination options in the hopes of keeping the avian flu out of my backyard.
Should you inoculate your poultry? The answer seems yes. Here is an update from the FAO:
FAO Senior Animal Health Officer Jan Slingenbergh has this to say:
“Vaccination in different poultry species and production systems, against the background of a continually changing H5N1 and other Influenza A viruses risk scenario in poultry, is the prerogative of the public veterinary services of the respective country.
FAO keeps a focus on the international / global dynamics and ensuing broad health management ramifications.”