Climate change is causing a number on ski hills around the world, with some shutting down for lack of predictable seasonal snow. But what people don’t know is that snow machines, using a chemical called Snowmax, or Snomax, may not be as innocuous as you think. One would imagine that snow machines just freeze water and push it out as snow, but it’s not the case with technical snow. One study even linked artificial snow, Snowmax, to increased numbers of a deadly nerve disease in this French ski village.

This shift to fake snow has raised a reasonable public question: is artificial snow safe for people who ski on it, work with it, or live nearby?

The short answer from current science is: there is no strong evidence that artificial snow is dangerous to the general public, but there are documented environmental and occupational concerns that continue to be studied.

What artificial snow is made from

Artificial snow is produced by spraying pressurized water and air into cold conditions so that droplets freeze before reaching the ground. In most cases, the snow is simply frozen water. In some regions and time periods, ski operators have used snowmaking additives, most notably Snomax, which contains ice-nucleating proteins derived from the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. These proteins allow water to freeze at slightly warmer temperatures.

The bacterium used in Snomax is non-viable (it is killed first) and it cannot grow at human body temperature. Regulatory reviews in Europe and North America have not found evidence that it causes infectious disease in humans. But not a lot of studies have been done.

Studies indexed in PubMed have examined potential health effects of artificial snow exposure. These include occupational studies of snowmaking workers and environmental monitoring of snow, air, and water. No evidence of acute illness in skiers or nearby residents linked to artificial snow.

Occupational exposure to bacterial endotoxins has been measured among snowmaking workers, particularly when handling additives in powdered form. Short-term studies, including a U.S. NIOSH health hazard evaluation, did not find clear respiratory disease in exposed workers, though sample sizes were limited.

Because endotoxins are known to cause airway irritation in some contexts, researchers consider snowmaking staff — not the recreational skiers — the group most relevant for ongoing monitoring.

Recent European studies have examined artificial snow for antibiotics, bacteria, and antibiotic-resistance genes. These studies found that contaminants in artificial snow largely reflect upstream water pollution, especially from municipal wastewater treatment plants and medical facilities — not from the snowmaking process itself.

In some cases, artificial snowmaking reduced bacterial concentrations compared with intake water. Researchers also found that water storage reservoirs may help lower the transfer of pollutants into technical snow.

Despite limited evidence of direct harm, some countries and regions have restricted or banned snowmaking additives under the precautionary principle. These decisions reflect uncertainty, public concern, and environmental protection priorities rather than confirmed health hazards.

Based on current evidence artificial snow is considered safe for the general public.  But as artificial snow use expands with climate change, scientists continue to study long-term environmental and health effects.

The post Is It Safe to Be Around Artificial Snow? appeared first on Green Prophet.

Montchavin, a small alpine village in Savoie, in the French Alps

Researchers found that this French ski village was known for eating this one thing

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often described as a cruel mystery: it’s a neurodegenerative disease that appears without warning, progresses relentlessly, and in most cases has no clear genetic cause. But research over the past decade has increasingly suggested that ALS may be shaped as much by environment as much or maybe even more than biology.

Investigations identified 14 cases by 2021, with some reports extending this to 16 people affected by ALS in the area between 1990 and 2019. These numbers are too high to be a coincidence.

Related: is working with artificial now, or Snomax, a health concern? 

One of the most compelling examples comes from a small mountainous village in the French Alps, where scientists documented an unusually high number of ALS cases concentrated within a single community. A 2024 study published in eNeurologicalSci revisits this cluster and offers new insight into what may have contributed to it: the long-term consumption of certain wild mushrooms.

The researchers examined medical histories, dietary habits, preserved mushroom specimens, and metabolic genetics of people diagnosed with ALS in the village. A consistent pattern emerged. Many of those affected had regularly eaten foraged wild fungi known as false morels collected locally over many years.

At the time, the mushrooms had been identified as a relatively less toxic species. But when mycologists re-examined dried samples using modern techniques, they discovered the fungi were actually members of the Gyromitra esculenta group, including species known to contain far higher concentrations of gyromitrin.

Why false morels raise concern

Gyromitrin is not just a cause of acute mushroom poisoning. Once metabolized in the body, it breaks down into monomethylhydrazine, a compound with well-documented neurotoxic and genotoxic effects. Monomethylhydrazine can damage DNA and interfere with cellular repair processes, mechanisms increasingly suspected to play a role in neurodegenerative disease.

In this Alpine village, which is home to a ski resort, false morels were not eaten once or twice. They were consumed seasonally, often year after year, prepared according to traditional methods believed to reduce toxicity but not fully eliminate it. The study suggests that this pattern of repeated low-dose exposure may be particularly relevant.

One of the most important conclusions of the research is what it does not support. ALS in this community does not appear to be primarily genetic.

The vast majority of ALS cases worldwide are classified as sporadic, meaning they are not caused by inherited mutations. This study reinforces that understanding. However, genetics still played a role in how individuals responded to environmental toxins.

Many ALS patients in the village were found to have slow- or intermediate-acetylator profiles, linked to variations in the NAT2 gene. People with these metabolic traits process certain toxins more slowly, allowing harmful byproducts to persist longer in the body. This helps explain why some individuals became ill while others, exposed to similar environments, did not.

Rather than genetics causing ALS directly, the findings point to a gene–environment interaction, where biology influences vulnerability to external exposures.

A pattern beyond one village

The French findings are not isolated. Similar concerns about hydrazine-containing mushrooms have been documented in North America, including a recent long-term assessment of mushroom poisonings in Michigan. Earlier studies in France also identified ALS clusters linked to genotoxic fungi, reinforcing the idea that repeated dietary exposure deserves serious attention.

Researchers are careful not to claim that false morels alone cause ALS. Toxin levels vary widely between species and even within individual mushrooms. Still, the accumulating evidence suggests that some traditional foraging practices may carry neurological risks that were previously underestimated.

Other factors that could have contributed to the onset of disease is high levels of athleticism, tobacco smoking, and exposure to chemicals (like Snomax used for snowmaking) were mentioned in the study.

Public discussion of ALS often centers on genetics or well-known figures living with the disease, including Israeli-American entrepreneur Jon Medved, who has spoken openly about his diagnosis. Like most ALS cases, Medved’s is not genetic, underscoring how urgently researchers need to understand environmental contributors. Some of the companies he’s help find as an early stage investor might help solve the questions.

Recent studies increasingly frame ALS as an exposome-related disease, shaped by a lifetime of interactions with chemicals, pollutants, dietary compounds, and naturally occurring toxins. These influences may accumulate silently for decades before symptoms appear. That’s why we need to avoid pesticides and microplastics as much as possible from an early age.

What the Alpine village teaches us

The French Alpine study does not offer a simple explanation or a single culprit. What it offers instead is something more valuable: a realistic picture of how everyday exposures, cultural practices, and biological vulnerability can intersect.

ALS may not arise from one dramatic event, but from many small ones over time. In that sense, the story of this village is less about mushrooms alone, and more about how closely human health is tied to the environments we inhabit, harvest from, and trust.

___

In the scientific literature the French village is often referred to as Montchavin (Tarentaise Valley) rather than being named prominently in headlines, but this is the community where researchers identified the ALS cluster linked to repeated consumption of false morels (Gyromitra species) in multiple studies by Lagrange, Vernoux, Camu, and colleagues.

The post Why this French ski village is being stalked by a nerve disease appeared first on Green Prophet.

Brigitte Bardot, who died today at the age of 91, will be remembered not only as one of the most recognizable film stars of the 20th century, but the chain-smoking French actress was also a tireless advocate for animals. Long after she stepped away from cinema, Bardot devoted her life, resources, and public voice to protecting animals—especially pets and vulnerable wildlife—at a time when few public figures were willing to do so.

Bardot retired from acting in 1973, at the height of her fame, and redirected her energy toward animal welfare. In 1986, she founded the Brigitte Bardot Foundation, which became the central vehicle for her work. The foundation focused on preventing cruelty to animals, supporting shelters, rescuing abused pets, and campaigning against practices that caused unnecessary suffering.

Much of Bardot’s activism centered on companion animals. She was a vegetarian and repeatedly spoke out against the abandonment and mistreatment of dogs and cats, supported spay-and-neuter programs, and funded shelters across France and abroad.

Related: Turkey kills millions of dogs

At a time when pet welfare was often treated as a private issue rather than a social responsibility, Bardot helped push it into the public conversation.

Her celebrity played a crucial role. Bardot used her global recognition to draw attention to issues that were easy to ignore, giving animal protection visibility it had rarely enjoyed before. Media coverage of her campaigns brought animal welfare into living rooms around the world, influencing public attitudes and helping normalize the idea that animals deserve care, protection, and dignity.

While Bardot was not an environmentalist in the modern sense, her work helped shape the ethical foundation on which today’s environmental and sustainability movements stand. Caring for animals—especially pets—created an emotional bridge between people and the natural world, reinforcing the idea that human responsibility extends beyond ourselves.

Related: She rescues animals from Bethlehem and Ramallah

For millions, Brigitte Bardot’s most enduring legacy may not be on film, but in the lives of animals who were seen, protected, and cared for because she refused to look away.

The post Brigitte Bardot dies but her legacy of animal rights lives on appeared first on Green Prophet.

We know about Chernobyl and Las Alamos: the lasting effects of radiation on the Saharan Tuareg in the desert

Between 1960 and 1966, seventeen nuclear detonations took place deep in Algeria’s Sahara Desert — first at Reggane and later in the Hoggar Mountains near In Ekker. Conducted under French supervision during the Cold War, these experiments were designed to develop a nuclear weapons capability. Their physical and political fallout is still with us.

The nuclear testing was not done in a vacuum and like at Las Alamos in New Mexico it affected the people nearby. In Algeria that was the Tuareg people. Others affected with the Berber-speaking nomadic group of the Sahara, whose territory spans large parts of southern Algeria; The Kel Ahaggar community which is a specific Tuareg confederation located in the Hoggar Mountains region off Algeria, and other local residents.

While less clearly documented in accessible sources, sites of the nuclear testing such as In Ekker and the surrounding desert zone indicate that French military, local manual workers, nomadic pastoralists, and their settlement communities were exposed.

A peer-reviewed study in Applied Radiation and Isotopes found measurable levels of plutonium and other radionuclides remaining at former test sites decades after the final detonation. A broader review of global weapons tests published in Environmental Sciences Europe confirms that radioactive contamination from Sahara tests persists in soils and fractured rock and can be re-mobilized by desert winds. If England gets locusts blown to its shores from Egypt, imagine how far radioactive dust can travel.

Algeria declared independence from France in 1962, but the Évian Accords that ended open conflict also granted France continued access to certain military and research sites in the Sahara for up to five years after independence. These terms were negotiated between the French state and Algeria’s provisional government (the FLN leadership at the time). This means the testing program after 1962 did not happen in a legal vacuum: it was authorized in writing by the Algerian Government, and it served strategic interests on both sides at the time. There was a power imbalance, giving the Algerians not much choice.

For France, the Sahara was a proving ground for weapons credibility as the Americans did in the deserts around the Los Alamos nuclear testing facility, established in 1943 as Project Y, a top-secret site for designing nuclear weapons under the Manhattan Project during World War II.  For Algeria’s new leadership, the agreement helped secure full political recognition, state continuity, and material support at a fragile moment of transition to their autonomy. The cost of that compromise was largely borne by remote southern communities, as is the case in many of today’s superpowers.

Some of the underground nuclear shots tested at In Ekker were supposed to be fully contained. In reality, not all of them were. One detonation, known as the Béryl Incident (1 May 1962), vented radioactive dust and hot debris into the open air when the test tunnel’s seal failed. French military personnel, engineers, and nearby residents were all exposed –– some highly contaminated. Decades later, radiation dose reconstructions and site surveys continue to document contamination in the blast zones and surrounding scrap fields.

People living downwind describe long-term health problems, loss of grazing land, restrictions around traditional water sources, and the normalization of sickness with no official acknowledgment. The same which happend in Love Canada, USA, a site I visited in the 90s. This happens in Turkey today where the government fails to recognize cancer clusters in industrialized zones outside the city. One scientist we interviewed was threatened to be put in jail if he continued his scientific research on the issue.

French veterans of the Sahara tests have in some cases received recognition and partial compensation under later French law, while Algerian civilians have struggled to access comparable review or support. Algeria, like most countries in North Africa and the Middle East are about 30 to 40 years behind on environmental issues and research. It’s not so easy to point a finger and find a villain. Algeria, 65 years on does not have a great environmental record.

Algeria faces a complex mix of environmental and pollution challenges that extend from its Mediterranean coast to its Saharan interior. The most pressing issue is air pollution in major cities such as Algiers, Oran, and Constantine, where outdated vehicles, industrial emissions, and open waste burning raise fine particulate (PM2.5) levels to more than three times the World Health Organization’s recommended limit.

Water contamination is another critical concern. Much of Algeria’s wastewater is released untreated into rivers and the sea, carrying agricultural runoff, heavy metals, and plastic debris. Coastal zones near industrial centers like Skikda and Annaba are among the most polluted in the southern Mediterranean, threatening fisheries and tourism. Groundwater in rural regions also suffers from nitrate and pesticide infiltration.

Inland, desertification and soil erosion are advancing due to overgrazing, deforestation, and a warming climate. The country loses thousands of hectares of forest annually to drought and wildfires, despite new reforestation and water-retention projects.

Finally, oil and gas extraction along with urban waste management gaps add to Algeria’s pollution load. While national plans now emphasize renewable energy, afforestation, and stricter environmental monitoring, progress remains uneven. The challenge is balancing economic growth with sustainable resource stewardship. With an estimated 2,400 billion cubic metres of proven conventional natural gas reserves, Algeria ranks 10th globally and first in Africa. It also has the third largest untapped unconventional gas resources in the world.

Algeria has 12.2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, ranking it 15th in the world and third in Africa. Currently, all oil and gas reserves are located on land and it is a major contributor to oil pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. Algeria is exploring new possibilities for oil and gas extraction, including offshore and shale gas opportunities.

The legacy of Sahara nuclear testing is often framed as a simple one-direction story, but the reality is more entangled. France designed, managed, and detonated the devices. Oversight after 1966 has involved both governments and, at times, international agencies. What has not happened at scale is transparent, long-term medical screening for affected communities and a full clean-up of contaminated waste that was left in place.

But putting it in scale, Algeria has a lot of environmental accounting to do. Just blaming France or “colonial” powers is short-sighted and distracting, absolving locals from trying to better on its own locally-made problems due to extremely high levels of corruption. At Green Prophet we zoom out and try to show you the wider story to issues that affect every human on this planet.

Want to learn more about the environment in Algeria? Start here:

This stunning ancient citadel in the Sahara Desert has a mysterious past

How Islamic-era agriculture points way to sustainable farming methods

Algerian Judoka expected to defeat an Israeli player before match

Algeria’s Controversial Love Lock Bridge Rebrands Suicide

Aerodynamic ARPT Headquarters Diverts Algiers’ Hot Desert Winds Naturally

Oil fracking protestors in Algeria rise up against their regime, Total and Shell

Algeria to Invest $20 billion USD in renewable energy

Top wildlife destinations in North Africa (includes Algeria)

Climate Change Contributing to Mali-Algeria Conflict

Algeria Archives – all articles on Algeria

The post The little known nuclear testing sites used by France in Algeria’s Sahara Desert appeared first on Green Prophet.

At the start of August, wildfires exploded across the Mediterranean basin, fueled by a wicked trio of extreme heat, drought and wind. In southern France, the Aude region around Carcassonne saw the country’s largest blaze since 1949, burning more than 16,000 hectares. In Spain, a 16-day heatwave — described by the national weather service as the most intense on record — set the stage for weeks of fire in the northwest near Zamora.

Greece endured simultaneous outbreaks around Patras, several Ionian islands, and Chios; satellites showed ~100,000 acres burned in just two days. By early September, the EU’s science hub estimated roughly one million hectares scorched across Europe in 2025 — an area bigger than Cyprus — with emissions and fire counts well above last year.

This isn’t just “bad luck.” Rapid attribution studies from World Weather Attribution find that the specific cocktail of hot, dry and windy weather that supercharged fires in Türkiye, Greece and Cyprus this summer is ~10 times more likely because of human-caused climate change. A separate WWA analysis shows extreme fire weather in Spain and Portugal is now effectively “common” in a warming world — a grim new baseline we’ll have to plan around, not a blip we can just ride out.

What it feels like on the ground

Fires today don’t behave like the fires our grandparents knew. Structures ignite faster; smoke is a toxic stew; embers leap roads like they weren’t even there. Our own reporting on smoke’s health harms — even from far-away blazes — is sobering: see how wildfire smoke damages lungs and hearts.

In Israel, we’ve documented both the on-the-line response and long-tail recovery, from front-line firefighting and evacuations to lessons from the Carmel blaze a decade ago — when, counter-intuitively, letting nature lead regrowth proved wiser than rushing in with well-meant tree plantings.

A warmer Mediterranean from climate change means longer fire seasons, drier fuels and stronger heat waves. We’ve reported on this shift for years — from early signals of Mediterranean winter drought trends to the uncomfortable truth that it’s not “just warming” but global scorching.

Add land-use change — abandoned farms, flammable plantations, dense edge housing — and fires spread faster and hit more people. Meanwhile, climate whiplash is reshaping risk across our region; the same storm systems that flood deserts are part of a new normal we covered in MENA’s flash-flood wave.

What we can do next (like, starting yesterday)

Prevention isn’t sexy, but it works. We can make homes less flammable, communities more prepared, and landscapes less primed to explode. That looks like smarter codes and materials — even bio-based ones. Our look at hemp-lime blocks found they smolder slowly and hold structure in fire tests,buying valuable minutes for firefighters  and families alike. For deeper resilience, check out Earthship-style off-grid homes that reduce dependence on fragile grids when heat waves knock power and comms offline.

We also need to treat mental resilience as climate infrastructure. Neighborhood-scale actions can ease eco-anxiety while cutting risk: placemaking to build social ties, shrinking our personal footprints, and backing projects that restore ecosystems at scale — from community-led reforestation in Iran to ambitious corporate pledges like doTERRA’s native tree plantings in Hawaii.

Policy matters too — and we’ll keep holding leaders to account (see our coverage of health-protective climate rules).

What Green Prophet readers can do

Feeling overwhelmed is normal, but it’s not the end of the story. Start where you live: create defensible space (clear brush, prune trees), swap to ember-resistant vents, and ask your city for shaded “cool corridors” and community fire drills. Learn the health basics for smoky days (N95s > cloth masks), keep HEPA purifiers on hand, and check in on elders and neighbors. Put your money and voice behind solutions: fund local ecological grazing and prescribed burns; back nature-positive jobs; and push for serious climate policy, not just slogans.

And yes, keep sharing rigorous reporting — amplify scientists, firefighters, and the communities living on the frontlines. Together, we can make the next fire season a little less brutal, and a little more survivable. Even small steps add up, promise.

The post Mediterranean Mega Fires Burn Record Land as Climate Change Fuels Extreme Heat and Drought appeared first on Green Prophet.

France, a country of smokers, will ban smoking in all outdoor places that can be frequented by children, like beaches, parks and bus stops, the health and family minister said in an interview published on Thursday.

“Tobacco must disappear where there are children,” Catherine Vautrin said in an interview published by the regional Ouest-France daily on its website.

The freedom to smoke “stops where children’s right to breathe clean air starts,” she said.

The restrictions will enter into force on July 1 and will include all places where children could be, such as “beaches, parks, public gardens, outside of schools, bus stops and sports venues,” she said.

Violators could be fined up to 135 euros ($154), she said.

Related: heavy smoking and stroke

Chris Dorsett, Ocean Conservancy’s Vice President of Conservation, said the news is goof for people and the planet:  “Not only does banning smoking in public places protect public health, but it will also make a huge impact in keeping our ocean and beaches clean.

According to Ocean Conservancy’s International Coastal Cleanup data, cigarette butts are the number one most commonly found item polluting beaches and waterways in Europe and worldwide. In addition to shedding dangerous microplastic fibers, cigarette butts also leach chemicals into the environment, harming sensitive marine ecosystems. We applaud France for taking this important step to protect people and the environment from the threat of cigarette pollution.”

Israel and Sweden’s Andreas Weil, for instance, has led massive cigarette butt pickups and educations about smoking on the beaches of Tel Aviv and around the country.

Since 1986, volunteers with Ocean Conservancy’s International Coastal Cleanup have collected 63 million cigarette butts worldwide. In 2023 – the most recent year for which we have data, 323,431 cigarette butts were collected from beaches and waterways in Europe alone.

As for the ban, Parisian cafe terraces will be excluded from the ban, which will also not extend to electronic cigarettes.

Some 75,000 people are estimated to die from tobacco-related complications each year in France.

According to a recent opinion survey, six out of 10 French people (62%) favour banning smoking in public places. Given the large number of Arab and North African population in France, we hope the ban extends to shisha pipes, which are thought to be safe because the tobacco smells like fruit, when in fact toxin levels can be found to be much higher than regular nicotine cigarattes.

The post France bans outdoor smoking appeared first on Green Prophet.

In the misty folds of the French Pyrenees, something quietly extraordinary is happening.

At a remote site called Comminges in France, Mantle8, a pioneering natural hydrogen exploration company, has unearthed a breakthrough that could shift the balance of Europe’s energy landscape. Their soil-gas readings, peaking at 2,500 parts per million (ppm), have stunned the industry—seven times higher than the standard threshold needed to suggest serious hydrogen potential. If proven on a larger scale, this isn’t just a good day for the company. It’s a potential tipping point for how Europe powers its future.

“The Comminges block represents the perfect combo: an ideal pilot zone to validate our technologies, with a geological setting offering maximum hydrogen potential,” said Mantle8’s Founder and CEO, Emmanuel Masini. “With these highly encouraging early results, we are well on our way to make $0.80/kg hydrogen a reality by 2030.”

It’s not just the numbers that impress— Mantle8’s approach is different. Where traditional explorers search for hydrogen like needles in haystacks, Mantle8 has built what it calls a “hydrogen-generating system” model. Think of it as going beyond the treasure map to understanding the entire geology of the treasure chest, the locks, the keys, and even the pirates who buried it.

Their proprietary method fuses geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and cutting-edge numerical modeling—a first of its kind in the industry. This system doesn’t just find hydrogen; it traces its birth, movement, and entrapment deep underground. The company claims it can predict hydrogen volumes and quality with unprecedented precision, which could save millions in exploration costs and halve development time.

Mantle8 is operating in a space with companies like HyTerra, Natural Hydrogen Energy, and Gold Hydrogen who have made early strides in the race for natural (or “white”) hydrogen. Mantle8’s system-wide exploration model might just put them in pole position.

And the timing couldn’t be more urgent.

Europe, still reeling from geopolitical energy shocks and racing against climate deadlines, and the shutting down of Germany’s nuclear power plants, is hungry for cleaner homegrown alternatives to fossil fuels. Hydrogen—especially natural hydrogen, which occurs underground and requires minimal processing—could be a powerful answer. No electrolysis, no carbon byproducts, just natural H₂, ready to be tapped.

The potential is enormous.The potential is enormous. Natural hydrogen could reshape global energy systems with clean, abundant fuel sourced directly from the Earth. And Mantle8 is building the tools to unlock it at scale.

Currently awaiting the Permit Exclusif de Recherche (PER)—expected by the end of this year —Mantle8 plans to deepen its study of the Comminges block using low-impact exploration tools. The team aims to map entire subsurface hydrogen systems, from source rock to reservoirs, selecting optimal drill sites with surgical precision.

Mantle8, founded in 2024 and based in Grenoble, France, is redefining natural hydrogen exploration through a unique fusion of earth science and artificial intelligence. Led by geoscientist Emmanuel Masini, the company uses proprietary models to analyze and interpret vast layers of geological, geochemical, and geophysical data. Instead of relying on surface clues or isolated drilling, Mantle8’s system maps complete subsurface hydrogen-generating systems—tracing the journey of hydrogen from deep source rocks to trapped reservoirs.

Their tools simulate underground processes, predict where hydrogen is being generated in real time, and assess the volume and quality of potential reserves with unprecedented accuracy. The simulation of underground processes is performed by the third tool, which does not incorporate AI components, a rep from the company tells Green Prophet: Predicting where hydrogen is being generated in real time is the result of the core algorithm – the neural networks are used to accelerate processing and enable analysis across more potential sites, but they are not themselves making those predictions,” he notes.

Relying on experts in their field, “Assessing the volume and quality of reserves is also not done by AI – this too is handled by proprietary modelling tools without any neural network component.”

Backed by €3.4 million in seed funding from Breakthrough Energy Ventures Europe (BEV-E) and Kiko Ventures, Mantle8 is targeting hydrogen production costs as low as €0.77/kg. With competitors like Gold Hydrogen, Natural Hydrogen Energy, and HyTerra in the mix, Mantle8’s tech-led, predictive approach could make it a dominant force in Europe’s race for clean, local energy.

::Mantle8

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The modern architectural world has become so absurd, so self-referential, that we are now finding whimsy in a grotesque pastiche of a mansion hoisted onto a soulless skyscraper—rather than restoring the very real, crumbling mansions that lie abandoned in the European countryside. This is art eating itself, an ouroboros of design where irony and spectacle matter more than substance or authenticity.

Philippe Starck’s latest creation, a fictionalized 19th-century mansion perched atop a nine-story tower, exemplifies this decay of meaning. The hotel in Metz, France clad entirely in metal, is presented as a fantastical tale:

“Manfred Heler has inherited his parents’ beautiful house,” explained Starck. “As an orphan, he finds himself all alone, in this mansion surrounded by a large park. Everything’s going well for him, until he starts to get bored.”

And so, like modern architecture itself, Heler’s boredom spurs him into excess. He does not restore, he does not root himself in the land—he invents. The mansion, a relic of aristocratic Europe, is yanked from the earth and mounted atop a monolithic tower, as if a cruel god had taken a cookie-cutter to the landscape and willed it skyward.

“He climbs and climbs and climbs, until the shaking stops,” Starck describes. “Then there’s silence. Manfred is high above the city. His house has been extruded.”

This surrealist vision is the perfect metaphor for contemporary sustainable architecture, which prides itself on innovation but often leaves genuine preservation behind. Instead of rehabilitating historic estates, we spend millions constructing imitations in unnatural settings, stripping them of their purpose and transforming them into profitable, sterilized attractions. This is not conservation. This is spectacle.

And what lies below, beneath this folly-in-the-sky? A cold, utilitarian tower with 104 spartan suites. “Stripped of any superficiality,” says Starck, as if modern minimalism is the necessary antidote to the whimsy of the mansion above. Concrete, stark white walls, and industrial elements form a dull contrast to the theatrical excess above. If the mansion is a dream of the past, the tower is the nightmare of the present: soulless, efficient, lacking any sense of history or romance.

Meanwhile, real mansions in the European countryside crumble. Their grand halls sit empty, their gardens overgrown, their histories fading into oblivion. Instead of revitalizing these structures—preserving their materials, their craftsmanship, their connection to the land—we fabricate their ghosts and pin them onto the skyline like trophies. This is what modern architecture calls progress.

The perception of numerous abandoned châteaux in France is partly influenced by the visibility of certain iconic ruins. Notable examples include Château de la Mothe-Chandeniers: Located in Les Trois-Moutiers, this 13th-century castle fell into ruin after a fire in 1932. In 2017, a crowdfunding campaign successfully raised funds to purchase and begin preserving the structure.

Château Burrus: Situated in Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines, this neo-baroque château was built in 1900 as the family home of tobacco magnate Maurice Burrus. After changing ownership and periods of abandonment, it was purchased in 2022 by a family committed to its renovation. ​

There are an estimated 3 million abandoned homes in France according to Insee, the French national statistics office.

Perhaps the most fitting element of this entire spectacle is Heler himself, this imagined Renaissance man who, in his boredom, creates without meaning. “An extraordinarily rigorous and inventive man, he doesn’t necessarily succeed in everything he undertakes, but it’s always done with intelligence and poetry, guided by a naive desire to create meticulously at all costs.”

In that, he is the perfect patron saint of modern architecture—meticulous, inventive, and tragically misguided. He builds because he can, not because he should. And in doing so, he becomes the very thing he sought to escape: a prisoner of his own creation, high above the real world, detached from the land and the history beneath him.

This is the art of our time: consuming itself, applauding its own cleverness, while the true beauty of the past lies forgotten.

The post Philippe Starck’s Floating Mansion: The Hollow Spectacle of Modern Architecture appeared first on Green Prophet.

A prolonged drought in Morocco is causing serious problems for the agricultural sector. Local Authorities predict that the 2024 wheat harvest will be reduced by almost 50 per cent. The Arab Spring happened during a drought and raising wheat prices. Can we expect upheaval in the Magreb connected to this prolonged drought?

This image above, acquired by one of the Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellites on 3 August 2024, shows the province of Sidi Kacem, once the heart of cereal production in Morocco, but largely uncultivated this year due to a lack of water to irrigate crops.

According to the UN unit to combat desertification, Morocco is facing a severe crisis that threatens its agriculture and food security. A six-year drought, exacerbated by climate change, has deeply impacted the country’s cereal farmers, whose fields of wheat, maize, and barley once sustained both human and livestock consumption.

The drought has not only reduced crop yields but has also transformed Morocco’s agricultural landscape, leading to significant economic and social challenges. As Morocco grapples with these difficulties, the government and agricultural sector are employing innovative strategies to combat the water crisis and safeguard the nation’s food supply.

Moroccan agricultural production consists of wheat, oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, olives, and olive oil. They also grow argan seeds for Moroccan oil.

The Impact of Drought on Morocco’s Agriculture

Morocco’s agriculture sector is highly vulnerable to changing climate patterns, especially the delayed and inconsistent rainfall that has plagued the country for years. Cereals, which occupy the majority of Morocco’s farmland, have seen a dramatic decline in both yield and acreage.

Visit a Moroccan farm:

In 2023, Morocco’s wheat harvest is projected to yield only 3.4 million tons, compared to the 6.1 million tons harvested the previous year. This decline has forced many farmers to leave their fields fallow, reducing both productivity and income.

The ongoing drought has also led to a reliance on wheat imports to meet domestic demand. Between January and June 2023, Morocco imported nearly 2.5 million tons of wheat, primarily from France.

However, this solution may not be sustainable, as France itself faces declining harvests due to similar climate challenges. The Food and Agriculture Organization ranked Morocco as the sixth-largest wheat importer in the world in 2023, highlighting the growing dependence on external sources for staple foods.

Recognizing the severity of the drought, the Moroccan government has intensified its efforts to address the country’s water scarcity. One key initiative is the implementation of a national water management strategy, aligned with guidelines set out by King Mohammed VI. This comprehensive strategy aims to mitigate the impact of the drought through water conservation measures and the diversification of water sources.

Seawater desalination has emerged as a cornerstone of Morocco’s water management efforts. Currently, the country operates 12 desalination plants with a total capacity of 179.3 million cubic meters of water per year. Morocco is also building desalination plants with France.

Plans are in place to construct seven additional desalination plants by 2027, which will increase capacity by another 143 million cubic meters. This ambitious plan reflects Morocco’s commitment to addressing its annual water demand, which exceeds 16 billion cubic meters—87% of which is used for agriculture. Yet, over the past five years, available water resources have not surpassed 5 million cubic meters annually, underscoring the gravity of the situation.

Early studies suggest that better water management practices such as water metering can help stop the quick decline of aquifers.

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As car manufactures switch to electric, Horse in London, Renault from France, Geely from China and Saudi Aramco which owns the world’s largest stake of oil, go all in for combustion engines.

Saudi Arabia’s oil company Aramco wholly owned by the Saudi Arabian government is one of the world’s wealthiest companies and is by far sitting on the world’s greatest amount of oil reserves. While Aramco does invest in what seems like noble deeds – in hydrogen energy for instance – its actions of actually developing mega real estate projects such as Neom (dock your mega yacht here) and investing in combustion engine tech shows that Saudi Arabia is planning that its oil reserves will be relevant for generations to come.

The world experienced the two hottest days on record this year, on Sunday and then again it broke the record on Monday, due to climate change but for oil companies like Aramco its business as usual. Or rather, bringing business back to the 80s by investing in combustion engines.

Aramco’s market cap in 2024 was $1.814 trillion with its primary business as the exploration, production, refining, and distribution of petroleum and petrochemical products. The company is significant to Saudi Arabia´s economy, which relies heavily on oil revenues although the country is trying to be open to Western values and tourism and development in the last 5 years.

Saudi Aramco went public in 2019, leading to the largest IPO in history, raising $29.4 billion USD. Despite the large amount of cash raised, only 1.5% of the company was actually floated, with the rest still owned by the Saudi government.

Among the many directions that Aramco is taking – including investing in AI chips – Saudi Aramco is betting that the  internal combustion engine found in cars, trucks, ships and airplanes, will be around for a “very, very long time”. The world’s largest oil company does see opportunity from the rise of the electric car from its $500bn in revenues last year to take a $800 million or 10 per cent stake in Horse Powertrain, a company based in London and dedicated to building fuel-based engines.

Saudi Aramco, Chinese carmaker Geely and the French Renault, are investing in London-based Horse as the as the industry stops designing and developing its own combustion engines, it will need to start buying them from third parties:

“It will be incredibly expensive for the world to completely stamp out, or do without internal combustion engines,” said Yasser Mufti, the executive VP at Saudi Aramco responsible for the deal. “If you look at affordability and a lot of other factors, I do think they will be around for a very, very long time.”

Asked if he thought there would be internal combustion engines forever, Mufti said yes. Saudi Aramco has previously said it believes that even in 2050, more than half of all cars will still run on some sort of fuel. Horse is the “horse” they are better on.

Horse is headquartered in London with operations in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Türkiye. The powertrain plant in Bursa, which was part of Oyak Renault until recently, is now Oyak Horse, a new company set up under a partnership between Oyak and Horse Holding.

Horse Powertrain Limited is a joint venture holding aimed at producing powertrains, including internal combustion engines and hybrid systems.

The venture holding was established in May 2024 and is equally owned by Renault and Geely. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co commonly known as Geely, is a Chinese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The company is privately owned by Chinese entrepreneur Li Shufu, and mainly engaged in the automotive industry.

So while car companies such as Ford and GM are pressured by shareholders to shift over to electric engines, the Chinese and Europeans are opening new businesses based on what was supposed to be “past” technology.

Consider that in 2021, GM announced its intention to sell only electric vehicles by 2035.

Electric vehicles are supposed to be the only kind of vehicle on the road in countries like Canada by the year by the year 2035. The new Canadian standard requires all new light-duty vehicle sales in Canada to be electric or plug-in hybrid by 2035. There are also interim targets of at least 20 percent of all sales being EVs by 2026 and 60 percent by 2030.

A growing number of people are buying electric cars, but range anxiety while towing boats or driving hours between cities in northern areas in North America is still a major concern. In rural areas of Canada and the US, locals are concerned about regular access to the grid and blackouts that can be regular during summer and winter storms.

We drove a Tesla this summer and enjoyed the acceleration speed and the cost of $20 a fill up versus $90 for the same sized car. My cousin loved hers so much that she traded in her second vehicle, a Ford truck, for a second Tesla. In her case, rural living means so much more driving for the kids. She estimates saving about $500 or more per car per month, on fuel alone.

Saudi Arabia needs to bet on the combustion engine because the lifestyle of Saudi Arabia depends on it. The moment we stop the oil and gas industry, we will solve the biggest problems with climate change and conflict in the Middle East. I find it interesting that London and the French are in on the game. We expect this from China and Saudi Arabia but opening new businesses for combustion engines? Sounds criminal to the climate movement.

::Horse

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