As car manufactures switch to electric, Horse in London, Renault from France, Geely from China and Saudi Aramco which owns the world’s largest stake of oil, go all in for combustion engines.

Saudi Arabia’s oil company Aramco wholly owned by the Saudi Arabian government is one of the world’s wealthiest companies and is by far sitting on the world’s greatest amount of oil reserves. While Aramco does invest in what seems like noble deeds – in hydrogen energy for instance – its actions of actually developing mega real estate projects such as Neom (dock your mega yacht here) and investing in combustion engine tech shows that Saudi Arabia is planning that its oil reserves will be relevant for generations to come.

The world experienced the two hottest days on record this year, on Sunday and then again it broke the record on Monday, due to climate change but for oil companies like Aramco its business as usual. Or rather, bringing business back to the 80s by investing in combustion engines.

Aramco’s market cap in 2024 was $1.814 trillion with its primary business as the exploration, production, refining, and distribution of petroleum and petrochemical products. The company is significant to Saudi Arabia´s economy, which relies heavily on oil revenues although the country is trying to be open to Western values and tourism and development in the last 5 years.

Saudi Aramco went public in 2019, leading to the largest IPO in history, raising $29.4 billion USD. Despite the large amount of cash raised, only 1.5% of the company was actually floated, with the rest still owned by the Saudi government.

Among the many directions that Aramco is taking – including investing in AI chips – Saudi Aramco is betting that the  internal combustion engine found in cars, trucks, ships and airplanes, will be around for a “very, very long time”. The world’s largest oil company does see opportunity from the rise of the electric car from its $500bn in revenues last year to take a $800 million or 10 per cent stake in Horse Powertrain, a company based in London and dedicated to building fuel-based engines.

Saudi Aramco, Chinese carmaker Geely and the French Renault, are investing in London-based Horse as the as the industry stops designing and developing its own combustion engines, it will need to start buying them from third parties:

“It will be incredibly expensive for the world to completely stamp out, or do without internal combustion engines,” said Yasser Mufti, the executive VP at Saudi Aramco responsible for the deal. “If you look at affordability and a lot of other factors, I do think they will be around for a very, very long time.”

Asked if he thought there would be internal combustion engines forever, Mufti said yes. Saudi Aramco has previously said it believes that even in 2050, more than half of all cars will still run on some sort of fuel. Horse is the “horse” they are better on.

Horse is headquartered in London with operations in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Türkiye. The powertrain plant in Bursa, which was part of Oyak Renault until recently, is now Oyak Horse, a new company set up under a partnership between Oyak and Horse Holding.

Horse Powertrain Limited is a joint venture holding aimed at producing powertrains, including internal combustion engines and hybrid systems.

The venture holding was established in May 2024 and is equally owned by Renault and Geely. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co commonly known as Geely, is a Chinese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The company is privately owned by Chinese entrepreneur Li Shufu, and mainly engaged in the automotive industry.

So while car companies such as Ford and GM are pressured by shareholders to shift over to electric engines, the Chinese and Europeans are opening new businesses based on what was supposed to be “past” technology.

Consider that in 2021, GM announced its intention to sell only electric vehicles by 2035.

Electric vehicles are supposed to be the only kind of vehicle on the road in countries like Canada by the year by the year 2035. The new Canadian standard requires all new light-duty vehicle sales in Canada to be electric or plug-in hybrid by 2035. There are also interim targets of at least 20 percent of all sales being EVs by 2026 and 60 percent by 2030.

A growing number of people are buying electric cars, but range anxiety while towing boats or driving hours between cities in northern areas in North America is still a major concern. In rural areas of Canada and the US, locals are concerned about regular access to the grid and blackouts that can be regular during summer and winter storms.

We drove a Tesla this summer and enjoyed the acceleration speed and the cost of $20 a fill up versus $90 for the same sized car. My cousin loved hers so much that she traded in her second vehicle, a Ford truck, for a second Tesla. In her case, rural living means so much more driving for the kids. She estimates saving about $500 or more per car per month, on fuel alone.

Saudi Arabia needs to bet on the combustion engine because the lifestyle of Saudi Arabia depends on it. The moment we stop the oil and gas industry, we will solve the biggest problems with climate change and conflict in the Middle East. I find it interesting that London and the French are in on the game. We expect this from China and Saudi Arabia but opening new businesses for combustion engines? Sounds criminal to the climate movement.

::Horse

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Last month Israel’s Better Place rolled out their all-electric vehicle network to the Israeli public with much fanfare. Of the hundreds of civilians that bought the cars, warm reviews of excitement ensued. Pictures and photo ops were maximized. Since opening the car sales channel to the public the number of Better Place cars on the road now exceeds the number of Better Place cars being driven by company employees. The company also released news that it had set an electric car distance world record, garnering some fresh enthusiasm for the business.

But a new report warns that the company is seriously bleeding cash, suggesting it’s light years away from putting 10,000 cars on the road – its break even point.

Even after recent news of a $40 million Euro loan,  in order to set up a network in Denmark and continue deployment in Israel, the company is ripping through cash. Much of it being spent on PR, public education and wrapping.

Will the Better Place car network and its rechargeable battery stations survive the long-term? I have a feeling that unless it starts to make its car the much cheaper alternative to driving a petrol-powered car in Israel, it will not. The Renault cars aren’t attractive, or different looking.

The Prius hybrid (the most popular green car in Israel) at least stands out for its unusual shape, providing drivers some status.

I am not sure that there are enough people willing to put their money on buying a car from a company that could fail. if Israel were a car manufacturing powerhouse like Italy or America, the faith could be there.

Israel’s claim to fame, and notoriety so far in the auto industry is the old Israeli car, the Susita, a lemon of a car that is rumored to have found favor among hungry camels that would munch on them.

The post Israel’s Better Place Electric Car Network Bleeds Capital appeared first on Green Prophet.

“Hybrid cars still can’t cut it in United Arab Emirates,” is the sub-heading sum-up of an article in this week’s Gulf News covering the Dubai Motor Show. The business editor Orlando Crowcroft goes on to brag how few people can sit through Al Gore‘s eco-educational film: “After all, I’d rather feel like a racing driver than an ex-presidential candidate who, if we’re honest, few of us really listen to and — if we’re even more honest — fewer still have sat all the way through An Inconvenient Truth.”

It’s worth noting that need for speed in the United Arab Emirates is satisfied by cars that can go over 400 km/h – that the SSC Tuatara promises – and with a sense of entitlement in the air buyers would much rather be seen in a volcano-orange McLaren than “a weird-looking electric car endorsed by Al Gore,” Crowcroft writes.

Other practical reasons why hybrids don’t take center stage in Gulf region car shows are the long commute between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, which take up about three hours every day – too much to hold a charge.

When Green Prophet’s Tafline was in Abu Dhabi earlier this year she was flummoxed by the lack of pubic transportation in the region. (Read how cyclists are basically riding targets).  And given the rate of accidents over there and in the Middle East at large you’d too probably want to be in an SUV too.

The few companies that did buck the trend the Dubai Motor Show was a Chinese hybrid company Lifan, and a car rental firm which rents out hybrids and all electric cars.

“Where petrol is cheap and the infrastructure is geared towards oil cars need to be fast and hard-wearing, it will be a long time before we see a proliferation of green cars,” the business editor concludes.

I disagree, if hybrids can be made with a sexy “wow” factor, enhanced by advertising and marketing campaigns, the losers in the Gulf region will be driving the Hummers, and the winners will be plugging in their electric cars every night.

::Gulf News

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While solar energy is the environmentally-friendly alternative of choice for power plants, it’s an expensive option because of the equipment and technology needed to harvest the sun’s rays. Now a Tel Aviv University researcher says that “going hybrid” is a quicker and cheaper route to cleaner electrical power. Prof. Avi Kribus has developed a technology that combines the conventional fuel used in today’s power plants with the lower pressures and temperatures of steam produced by solar power. His new “hybrid” power plant is a potentially cost-effective and realistic way to integrate solar technology into existing power plants.

“It’s complex solar technology,” he explains. The materials alone, which include pipes made from expensive metals designed to handle high pressures and temperatures, as well as fields of large mirrors needed to harvest and concentrate enough light, make the venture too costly to be widely implemented.

Meanwhile, earlier this summer GE announced a hybrid plant it’s building in Turkey with the California company eSolar. Pictured above.

Prof. Kribus who’s been in stealth mode for the last couple of years is considered one of Israel’s foremost solar researchers. Another worth noting is  Prof. David Faiman.

But this new technology by Prof. Kribus (links to his website) has developed a way to use conventional fuel with the lower pressures and temperatures of steam produced by solar power, allowing plants to be hybrid, replacing 25 to 50 percent of their fuel use with green energy.

His method, which will be reported in a future issue of the Solar Energy Journal, presents a potentially cost-effective and realistic way to integrate solar technology into today’s power plants.

In a solar thermal power plant, sunlight is harvested to create hot high-pressure steam, approximately 400 to 500 degrees centigrade. This solar-produced steam is then used to rotate the turbines that generate electricity. Though the environmental benefits over traditional power plants are undeniable, Prof. Kribus cautions that it is somewhat unrealistic economically for the current industry.

“We combine a gas turbine, which works on hot air and not steam, and inject the solar-produced steam into the process,” he explains. “We still need to burn fuel to heat the air, but we add steam from low-temperature solar energy, approximately 200 degrees centigrade.”

This hybrid cycle is not only highly efficient in terms of energy production, but the lowered pressure and heat requirements allow the solar part of the technology to use more cost-effective materials, such as common metals and low-cost solar collectors.

A bridge to green energy

The hybrid fuel and solar power system may not be entirely green, says Prof. Kribus, but it does offer a more realistic option for the short and medium term.

Electricity from solar thermal power plants currently costs twice as much as electricity from traditional power plants, he notes. If this doesn’t change, the technology may never be widely adopted. The researchers hope that a hybrid plant will have a comparable cost to a fuel-based power plant, making the option of replacing a large fraction of fuel with solar energy competitive and viable.

The researchers are starting a collaboration with a university in India to develop this method in more detail, and are looking for corporate partnerships that are willing to put hybrid technology into use. It’s a stepping stone that will help introduce solar energy into the industry in an accessible and affordable way, Prof. Kribus says.

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The Azouri brothers and architect Keren Yedvub leave no stone unturned. Their 20-storey

The Azouri Brothers’ eco-tower is growing greener and greener by the day.

 Already featuring a whole host of attributes that make their 20 storey office building as livable and sustainable as technology and funding will allow, Alon & Ronen Azouri have joined forces with Better Place CEO Shai Agassi to take sustainability to the next level.

Those employees who drive zero emission vehicles will not only be rewarded with prime parking spots, but they will also receive 50% off their monthly parking fee.

While this may not pay off financially except in the very long term, the program does associate carbon-emitting vehicles with a sort of social stigma. The stima: pollution is bad.

Planned for a spring inauguration, the $51 million eco-tower already incorporates special glass that permits natural light without the sun’s heat and that is partially recycled, reused or locally-sourced building materials, solar paneling, and flooring made from certified wood.

Also included is a climate control monitoring system that can be operated online to ensure maximum efficiency without compromising comfort.

But wait. There’s more. Part of ensuring quality of life, according to Ronen Azouri, is ensuring a healthy means of getting from point A to point B. 

“Green parking completes the general vision of building a ‘better place’ (pun intended), a green and healthy business environment,” says Azouri. “Transit is part of the quality of life of residents of the building, and we are pleased to provide an incentive to switch to electric vehicles.”

The underground parking area will be fitted with carbon monoxide detectors. When levels are unsafe, the ventilation system will be automatically activated. And in keeping with energy efficiency goals, LED lighting will be programmed to ebb and flow depending on the time of day. 

For those who prefer the double-wheeled option, no problem. Not only will they be able to park their bicycles, but they’ll be able to grab a solar-powered shower before stepping into the office. 

:: Israel 21C

More on the Azouri Brothers and Better Place:

Tel Aviv’s Eco-Tower A Go

Azouri Brothers Eco-Tower Planned For Tel Aviv

Critics Fear Better Place Is Charging A Monopoly

The post Azouri Brothers & Shai Agassi Together Make Tel Aviv A Better Place appeared first on Green Prophet.

The idea of building environmentally friendly or “green” cars is not something new, even though Green Prophet has written many articles on new electric and hybrid cars.  In addition to factory produced models, other articles have on “do it yourself” (DIY) models, which have included a home-made electric car, using conventional wet cell car batteries;  and even a Palestinian home made electric car powered by solar energy. Let’s look back a little at what people before us had come up – well before the notion of Peak Oil and global warming.

Since innovation is the “mother of invention”, the colorful history of individual inventors who have made energy saving and green models of vehicles goes back virtually as far as the invention of the motorcar itself.  Looking back through some archives of the still popular Popular Science magazine (still a favorite, though more read online these days) some interesting types of “green” vehicles were found that were the brainstorm of enterprising inventors, some of whom were still teenagers.

The Velodyne Streamlined Bike

One of these, a futuristic streamlined bicycle, was invented by a Frenchman, Marchel Riffard, who was Chief engineer at a renowned French airline firm.

Called the Velodyne, it consisted of a completely enclosed aerodynamic shell built around the bike itself, which Riffard claimed would enable a rider to reach speeds of up to 60 mph due to creating less wind resistance.

Although the prototype did work, and enabled riders to reach speeds of nearly 50 mph, the device was banned from competing in actual racing competitions. It did, however, act as a useful tool for testing aerodynamic designs for use in aircraft.

Another home made gas stingy auto was one made in 1934 by Dr. Calvin B. Bridges, a biologist from California.  His streamlined vehicle, which also used aerodynamic designs, used a light frame of welded light steel tubing and a motorcycle engine. The two-seater weighed only 700 pounds (318 kg) and could travel at speeds of up to 60 mph, with gas mileage at between 50 and 70 miles per gallon.

Jamesburg “Steamer” – 1940

Perhaps the most innovative car of this time, was a steam propelled model built in 1940 by two teenage boys in Jamesburg, New Jersey, completely out of old parts and items found at a local junkyard.

The two-seater car frame and transmission came from an old truck; the boiler from two home space heaters. The firebox for wood fuel originated from an old stove. The car’s steam “boiler” could generate 25 pounds per square inch of steam.

When WWII broke out a year and a half later, and gasoline became rationed, this home made “Stanley Steamer” had no problem going along on its scrap wood fuel  supply.

Times have changed and DIY cars are now made to run on a variety of fuels, including solar energy. In the days when gasoline was selling for as low as 10 cents per gallon, trying to save energy costs was not on people’s minds. But then again, in the 1930’s a “dime” went a lot further than it does now.

:: Popular Science

Read more on green and energy saving cars:

Solar Powered Electric Car Takes to the Streets of Hebron

Build Your Own DIY Electric Car

Green Lego? Build Futuristic Solar Cars and Wind Powered Robots

The post Green Cars Are Not New – Let’s Look Back 90 Years appeared first on Green Prophet.

Lat year 2010 was a record year for new car sales Israel, according to an article just published in Globes. The article reports that 216,430 vehicles were bought during the year, a whopping 25.3 % more than in 2009. Of these 181,526 were private cars, which surpassed the amount sold in 2009 by 25%. What this means is that since environmentally friendly cars like electric cars are still in the testing stage, only a few of these nearly 1/4  million units will be converted to burn more environmentally friendly fuels like liquid petroleum gas.

Most of these cars will be burning either gasoline or diesel fuel, meaning that the environment will be the big loser – especially cities like Tel Aviv, where a law was recently passed to ban trucks from entering the city during the early morning rush hours.

“Normal” Tel Aviv freeway traffic

All of these new cars are joining a national “fleet” of nearly 3 million currently on the road, resulting in a vehicle “density” of more than 133 cars per kilometer in 2008, according to figures from Israel’s Ministry in 2009.  This is compared to a vehicle density of only 10 per kilometer in 1960, when few Israelis owned private cars.

The terrible overcrowding of cars on the motorways of such a small country is largely the result of lease arrangements made with large companies who give their employees this “perk” as a part of their salary package.

In fact, most likely most of the newer cars like Mazda, Ford Focus, Hyundai, etc., are in fact being driven on lease agreements. These “lease mobiles” as I call them, are what is contributing to much of the present state of Israel’s air pollution.

Older cars are also a problem, as those who cannot afford to by newer models due to the high taxation on cars in Israel are still chugging along on cars over ten years old (the maximum car age to fully insure them by most insurance companies); and many cars are even over 20 years on the road – the age in which they must do a road test on them twice a year.

Recycled oil boom parts for Chevy Volt

Delek Motor’s Fords and Mazdas were the largest sellers during 2009, with a combined number of 42,082 units or a 19.4% market share.

This puts more money in the pocket of Delek Group mogul Yitzhak Tshuva, whose natural gas enterprises in the Eastern Mediterranean are going to make the Israeli Billionaire even wealthier – also at the environment’s expense.

Speaking of old cars, many wonder what happens to these when are finally taken off the road and when even their spare parts are no longer needed.

Many of them windup being taken to scrap yards near the Akko Steel City foundries and there crushed and shredded to extract metals for use in making various steel products. While many older cars still have bodies mostly made from sheet steel, many of the newer ones have a lot of plastic and graphite body parts; especially the bumpers, which are now usually integrated together with the chassis.

This is in addition to the seats, interior lining and dashboard components, which are known as “fluff” to car shredding businesses. All in all, future cars being sold as scrap “over the scales” as scrap dealers call the purchase of old car bodies, won’t have as much recyclable steel and other metals in them as cars made before the year 2,000. And this “fluff”, much of which is not recyclable, or bio-degradable, will add more stuff to landfills and will add to ground and water pollution. GM’s Chevrolet division is finding ways to make car parts for their new Volt hybrid out of plastic materials like discarded oil booms used to soak up oil from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill.

So with this in mind, perhaps car manufacturers will find ways to make car parts out of the discarded “fluff” from old cars, making the auto recycling industry more user-friendly.

Photo: Vehicle-site.com

Read more on cars:

Chevy’s New Volt Hybrid to Contain Parts from Recycled Oil Booms

Time to Hook Your Car onto a Road Train?

Poison at the :Pump: Israeli Gas Stations Major Ground Water Polluters

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The recent 5 month oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico has created a “by product” in the form of oil soaked plastic booms that will be recycled to make plastic components in General Motor’s  new Chevrolet Volt hybrid car. The idea to recycle the tons of plastic material, and the crude oil it soaked up, is a project being developed by GM’s R & D laboratories, according to a GM news release. Approximately 100,000 pounds (45,455 kg) of plastic resin for Volt vehicle components can be made from this material, which will prevent from being permanently buried in landfills, with all the environmental implications this can have, especially pollution of both soil and groundwater.

According to Mike Robinson, GM’s VP of Environment, Energy and Safety policy:

“Creative recycling is one extension of GM’s overall strategy to reduce its environmental impact. We reuse and recycle material by-products at our 76 landfill-free facilities every day. This is a good example of using this expertise and applying it to a greater magnitude.”

GM’s John Bradburn shows car parts made from oil booms

In addition using the now discarded plastic boom material, GM will also used recycles tires and other rubber and plastic materials to make parts of the car, which will be enough plastic under the hood parts to supply the first year’s production of the  Volt “extended-range” electric vehicle.

This policy to recycle such waste products as the oil booms at least helps to indicate a bit of optimism to the aftermath of what may go down in history as America’s worst environmental disaster, of which British Petroleum (BP) is now catching much of the blame for.

GM’s novel recycling idea may wind up having positive repercussions in other parts of the world, especially in parts of the Middle East, where discarded tires and other materials from automobiles could wind up being recycled and made into a variety of plastic resin components for making plastic items, just like recycled plastic bottles are presently being used.

The sports shoe company Nike is also involved in introducing a program into Israel to use rubber and other materials from discarded sport shoes for making new footwear products.

The amount of plastic and synthetic rubber wastes in Middle Eastern countries like Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia must be enormous, including all types of plastic food and beverage containers and that of entire automobiles which are simply discarded when no longer wanted. And consider that people in Abu Dhabi just abandon their cars in parking lots when they are no longer needed.

GM ‘s idea of using the boom material to make parts for a car that will be much more environmentally friendly than ordinary gasoline driven ones is a fitting sequel to the oil spill disaster from which the waters of the Gulf of Mexico may never fully recover.

::General Motors

Read more on recycling plastic waste material in the Middle East:

Nike to Introduce Shoe Recycling Program in Israel

Abu Dhabi May Get New Trash Dump (And it’s Not the Sea)

Zonzoo Gives Old Phones New Life in the UAE

The post Chevy Volt Hybrids Made From BP Spill Oil Booms appeared first on Green Prophet.

Will eco-friendly cars ever become popular in a country that prefers status symbol models like BMW’s, Mercedes Benz and even Maserati’s? Not according the AFP which reported on the country’s annual Motor Show which opened in Beirut last week. Spot interviews with Lebanese who were in attendance clearly indicated that of the 400 models in display, the most attention was being given to high priced “glitz-mobiles” including a $300,000 Limited Edition Maserati MC Sport, one of only 15 in existence and definitely not very eco-friendly (12 were produced for Middle Eastern markets).

Hybrid models, such as Toyota’s Prius,  are considered to be much more eco-friendly than normal, all-fossil fuel models; and are increasing in popularity in neighboring Israel. But they didn’t catch the eyes of the Lebanese who don’t see hybrids matching any kind of status they seek.

Lebanon is a country that has to import virtually all its energy supplies, and on which increasing environmental damage  is occuring from ground and sea pollution. So taking all of Lebanon’s energy needs and pollution problems into account, why do the citizens of a country with an average per capita GDP of  $6,500 (4,837 Euros) prefer high powered status cars like the ones already mentioned?

“If we manage to waive customs for these cars, at least half of the next Motor Show will be dedicated to hybrids,” Tourism Minister Fadi Abboud told AFP while touring the biennial expo.

The only green however car drivers in Lebanon want to be connected to is green with envy. To quote Mr. Riyadh Abi Habib, a Lebanon manager for Toyota and Lexus:

“Buyers are generally looking to purchase cars to be seen in. Hybrids like the Prius don’t currently sell like other cars here, primarily because they are pricier than your average small car and yet are not considered status symbols.”

Status symbol car purchasing is not a new phenomenon as America and European countries went through this consumer stage more than 30 years ago.

Besides, with 12 out of the 15 above Maserati’s destined for Middle Eastern buyers, and in light of my recent Green Prophet article on the White Gold Mercedes owned by a Billionaire in Abu Dhabi, what can you expect from young Lebanese professionals like Tareq Saadeh, a 25-year-old engineer, who prefers “to remain loyal to his BMW Sport Coupe: “a fast sports car for my age.”

Fast or not, Lebanese can ill afford gas guzzling high-line status cars while their country still recovers from the ravages of pollution and regional war.

More articles on environmental issues involving automobiles:
Abu Dhabi’s White Gold “bio-fuel” Mercedes Gulf Nations Look to Tesla’s Electric Roadster to Speed Around the Middle East
Does Israel Really Need the INFINITI Luxury Car?

[Image via www.auto-power-girl.com]

The post Lebanese Prefer "Green With Envy" Maseratis Over Eco-Friendly Hybrids Cars appeared first on Green Prophet.

Copying the wildly popular Cash for Clunkers program in the United States, the Israeli government has announced its own plan to get polluting gas guzzlers off the streets and cities of Israel.

While it’s not really that common to see Texas-size Cadillacs and old gas guzzling V8 engines in Israel anyway – with gas at about $2 USD a liter, and with 100% import tax, who could afford such luxuries – the plan is to get people to trade in their more polluting hunks of steel for more fuel efficient, less polluting cars.

The first car-composting lot opened in the city of Ashdod on Friday and new sites are expected to open across the country over the coming months. The deal is that anyone with a car more than 20 years old (you must have proof) will be given NIS 3,000 (about $800 USD) in exchange.

Some NIS 100 million (about $30 million dollars) has been allocated to support the program, being sponsored by Israel’s ministries of environmental protection and infrastructure. The Hebrew reporter writing the article did say that the Israeli version of Cash for Clunkers was copied on the model developed by US President Barack Obama.

The American program, whose name has been changed to the rather less catchy Car Allowance Rebate System, proved enormously popular. Owners received $4,500 each for their heaps of steel. More than 700,000 new vehicles were sold as part of the program, which a number of other countries have also adopted (Mexico too, for example).

Thousands of polluting cars, which are also deemed unsafe, are expected to be taken off the roads. Perhaps to pave the way for Shai Agassi’s electric car of Better Place?

More on cars:
A DIY Electric Car
Michigan State Looks to Rev Up Battery Business With Israel
New Vehicle Tax in Israel Stiffs Hybrids

The post Susita, and Cash For Clunkers, Israeli style appeared first on Green Prophet.