He was simply tired of spending $50,000 a year on electricity for what is a hobby organic farm for the corporate lawyer. And while he could afford the upfront $76,000 to pay for an off-grid solar-powered irrigation system, he took out a green loan just to demonstrate to others that it is possible to do so.

German Arrays

Patrick Ardahalin from a local renewable energy company called Eco-Friendly helped Jamaleddine import and install his 64 panel solar array that is used to irrigate the 120,000 square meter farm located near Mansoura Village.

The panels were brought in from Germany since Lebanon currently doesn’t have a manufacturing facility for high efficiency photovoltaic panels.

Since installing solar panels is prohibitively expensive for the average person, two years ago Lebanon’s central bank set up a system that would enable ordinary people to take out “green loans” for projects that promote renewable energy generation and other sustainable initiatives.

It is through this initiative that Jamaleddine took out a zero interest loan from Fransabank, and he hopes others will be encouraged to do the same.

Solar-powered Irrigation in the Bekaa Valley

His farm is the first in the Bekaa Valley to irrigate its water-intensive organic crops, such as tomatoes, grapes, and apples, with a solar-powered system, though Ardahalin told the paper that he has recently installed a second one – that Jamaleddine is leading the way.

And whilst it will take some time for the system to pay for itself, the hobby farmer has already established an energy-sharing scheme that allows him to sell his excess energy to neighbors who experience crippling power outages.

Lebanon’s energy ministry has yet to develop a feed-in-tariff scheme to allow renewable energy producers to sell their excess energy to the national grid, so creating a grid-sharing scheme allowed Jamaleddine to recoup some of his investment while also uplifting the surrounding community.

Albeit motivated by making money for himself, he has also become an accidental do-gooder.

As for his own farm, where goats, sheep and fowl also require a consistent water supply, it is quickly becoming self-sufficient despite suspicion from locals that there’s no such thing as free energy.

“Many people are skeptical of alternative energy,” Ardahalian told The Daily Star. “They think it’s a gimmick, that you can’t get electricity for free. That’s why it’s important this system succeeds.”  

Image of solar panels and agriculture, Shutterstock

The post Lebanese “Green Loan” Funded Solar Irrigation System Breaks Ground appeared first on Green Prophet.

Escalating clashes between armed tribesmen trying to protect their cannabis fields and the Lebanese armed forces are pushing Lebanon to readdress the long-standing issue of cannabis cultivation in the Bekaa valley.

During the lawless years of Lebanon’s 1975 to 1990 Civil War, the fertile plain of the Bekaa Valley was carpeted with fields of green cannabis sativa plants, generating some $500 million USD annually. At its peak in 1988, Lebanon’s narcotic market was making an estimated $1.5 billion.

Back then, government-run eradication programs coupled with international development projects which incentivize farmers to profitably grow legal crops was supposed to bring Lebanon’s cannabis business down. But production continued, with several politicians known to be taking a cut of the profits. Furthermore several international projects failed to deliver plausible income generating alternatives. For example, the US generously donated Holstein cows to farm, however these cost more in upkeep than they provided in income. Unable to make a living, several projects were abandoned and farmers returned to their hash cultivation.

The 2006 war rendered government run eradication programs and as a result cannabis growing has been on the rise again. This year,  however, the government turned its attention again to illegal crop farming and has been destroying  hash fields and burning the plants.

On Aug. 4, residents of Yammouneh, a small village in the Bekaa, blocked the road to prevent Lebanese soldiers and police from gaining access to the hashish fields ( of course the roads were blocked using Lebanon’s preferred protest measure: burning tires).

Clashes erupted between heavily armed tribesmen and an equally overwhelmingly armed group of soldiers resulting in a couple of wounded soldiers. These clashes should not be understated.

This time, unlike the other, three of the largest and strongest tribes in the Bekaa valley  decided to unite forces to protect their illegal commerce. The Jaafars, the Shammas, and the Sharifs recent success in confronting the government and checking the eradication campaign has allegedly spurred other tribes in the far north of the Bekaa to consider also allying and resisting armed forces.

Given that a large, and growing, percentage of cultivation in the Bekaa valley is dedicated to hash and given these clashes involve heavily armed angry farmers and tribes, the Lebanese government is forced to seriously readdress the economic and social consequences of a microsystem that relies on illegal crops.  An escalation of this problem would only add to Lebanon’s many unaddressed issues.

The business of cannabis cultivation in Lebanon

Consider that the cultivation of one kilogram of hashish costs the farmer about $200. Farmers then extract the most potent powder through a large sieve and the congealed powder is then packaged and sold to the drug dealer for $300 to $400 per kilo.

According to the Executive, the farmer can make about $100 to $200 from every kilo he sells to the local dealer, and about $400 to $800 per average cultivated dunam (1 dunam = 1,000 square meters).

Outside dealers then come to the Bekaa to buy hashish from the local dealers, who sell in bulk. One kilogram of hashish wholesale will cost approximately $1,000. In Beirut, the street value of 20g is approximately $50. Thus, dealers can make about $1,500 profit from one kilogram of hashish purchased in the Bekaa.

In Europe, a kilogram of Lebanese hashish sells wholesale for $4,400 to $5,900 – $3,660 of this goes directly in the dealers pocket after having accounted for shipment costs, labor, bribes, confiscated shipments and security.

In a good year, a dealer can sell 5 tons of hash and make seven to eight million dollars abroad.

When so much demand and money is involved it will be extremely hard to try and suppress the cannabis market. Periods of war and instability have historically been a safe haven for opium and hash growers and a moment of great opportunity for dealers- so stability in Lebanon would also be one of the key solutions to controlling the narcotics market.

Identifying the hash alterative crop

The issue is how to incentivize farmers to switch from a relatively lucrative product to one that generates less income but is legal. So far, no alternative crops have succeeded in earning the farmers a livable wage. In the Bekaa valley the other substitute to cannabis is apples but one kilogram (2.2 pounds) of apples is worth 30 cents, while a kilogram of processed cannabis resin is worth $300 to $400 to farmers- which explains the preference for hashish cultivation.

The UNDP alternative crop programs ceased in the late 1990s with no success, western officials accused the UN of wasting the money it did receive through mismanagement and corruption.

Edgard Chehab, the current UNDP Energy and Environment Program manager, admits that the agency made major mistakes in the past. “They [the UNDP’s earlier initiative] did not identify alternative crops that farmers were used to,” he says. “The crops needed lots of water, maintenance and investment, which made the project unsuccessful. They didn’t look at the marketing for farmers before.”

A sustainable, industrial hemp alternative?

In cooperation with the Beirut-based private investment firm Phystone, the UNDP introduced pilot projects in the Bekaa for hashish farmers to grow industrial hemp — the non-intoxicating cousin of cannabis.

“The farmers are used to hashish and industrial hemp is very similar,” says Chehab. “It doesn’t need water and the Bekaa is dry. No fertilizer is necessary.”

Hemp oil, which is rich in Omega 3 and Omega 6, is a popular dietary supplement in Europe and the US and the fibers can be used as a combustible to heat homes, or to make rope and textiles.

Phystone and the UNDP will guarantee the farmers a net profit of $150 to $160 per dunam.“With industrial hemp, their profit will be cut by half — but its legal and sustainable,” Chehab says. “It is better than tomatoes, but not as good as hashish.”

It doesn’t seem like harnessing cannabis’ potential through hemp has worked yet in Lebanon, but  this concept has good potential. Imagine a series of organic hemp clothes and products coming from the Bekaa valley one day.

Image Lebanon hash via the LA Times blog

The post Hashish Field Wars Between Soldiers and Lebanon’s Locals appeared first on Green Prophet.

Hasan Istaytiyyah was lucky to have six hours of state-run energy a day before he decided to install a solar photovoltaic system and ditch his dirty generator. Now he tells Daily Star that he has energy all the time, and finally feels connected with the rest of the world through internet access and satellite TV despite his remote location in the Bekaa Valley near the border of Syria.

Istaytiyyah’s story is a familiar one. Although Lebanon has strong northerly winds and piles of sunshine, the country’s leadership has failed to incorporate renewable energy to help meet the 2,400 MW daily demand. With a 900MW shortfall, many residents – particularly in rural areas – are without power for up to 18 hours a day.

Eco Friendly Solar Panels

Istaytiyyah’s goat farm in Qaa was plagued by the state’s energy shortages until 2010 when he saw an advertisement for solar energy listed by Eco Friendly, an environmental consultancy started by Patrick Ardahalian, Daily Star reports.

The entire system cost $9,372, which includes installation and VAT, according to a comment left on Eco Friendly’s Facebook page.

Not only does he have access to energy all the time, but Istaytiyyah was also able to get rid of his noisy, polluting generator when the PV system was installed.

“My farm became more friendly to my family and friends and closer to the civilized way of life despite its remoteness,” he said.

Wasted potential

Even though Lebanon has sun for roughly 300 days a year and the government pledged to provide at least 12% of its energy by using renewable sources by 2020, National Secretary of the Green Part Samir Skaf told Daily Star that the recently published National Energy Plan shows that the government will only provide 6.6% of the country’s needs using renewable sources.

Pierre Koury, Manager at the Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation disagrees, saying that natural gas is part of the plan, and therefore accounts for the rest of the country’s renewable energy source.

George Abboud, founder of Earth Technologies, blames the government’s shortsightedness, claiming that “the customs fees for his energy-efficient LED bulbs are 15 percent, while those for regular bulbs are 5 percent. And last year he was unable to import electric cars for a taxi company he wanted to establish, because he was told that all cars imported into Lebanon are required to run on fuel,” Daily Star reports.

While government stays stuck in the status quo, citizens dissatisfied with their poor living conditions are taking power into their own hands. And as more do so, installation costs will drop.

:: Daily Star

image via Eco Friendly

More Environmental News from Lebanon:

Sleek Prefab LoftCube in Lebanon is the Ultimate Home for Nomads

Thousands of Endangered Fruit Bats Were Gunned Down in Lebanon

Greenpeace Lebanon Rocks the Boat with Underwater Expose

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