Purdue researchers Xiulin Ruan (left) and Joseph Peoples use an infrared camera to compare the cooling performance of white paint samples on a rooftop.
We’ve written about the benefits of white paint on a hot tar roof in the past, at least a couple of times. And the fact that they can’t slow global warming. White paint is what people paint the roofs of their apartment buildings in Tel Aviv to keep the insides cool. It’s certainly something that designers and architects in the Middle East already know and that’s why mashrabiya were invented.
Mashrabiya
People in the Middle East or Texas who don’t want to enter an inferno 6 months of the year buy white cars. And if you have a black roof home or even a panel of glass windows that face the sun, expect to have your air conditioner bill go through the roof for 6 months of the year.
Some more research from Purdue and a “new” white paint, which is the whitest of the white paint, explores just how much you can save by painting your roof white. This is a great idea for energy savings on large industrial buildings, schools, hospitals, factories and government buildings looking to lower energy costs. They say that their experimental paint is so effective you might never need to turn your air con on. And after the new white roof? Maybe a rooftop garden? Solar energy panels?
Back over to the study: Purdue University engineers have created white paint that can keep surfaces up to 18 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than their ambient surroundings – almost like a refrigerator does, but without consuming any energy. We call this passive cooling.
According to the researchers, the paint would replace the need for air conditioning by absorbing nearly no solar energy and sending heat away from the building. Without the building heating up, air conditioning wouldn’t have to kick on.
“It’s very counterintuitive for a surface in direct sunlight to be cooler than the temperature your local weather station reports for that area, but we’ve shown this to be possible,” said Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue professor of mechanical engineering.
The paint not only sends heat away from a surface, but also away from Earth into deep space where heat travels indefinitely at the speed of light. This way, heat doesn’t get trapped within the atmosphere and contribute to global warming.
Sci Fi White Paint Video:
“We’re not moving heat from the surface to the atmosphere. We’re just dumping it all out into the universe, which is an infinite heat sink,” said Xiangyu Li, a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who worked on this project as a Ph.D. student in Ruan’s lab.
Earth’s surface would actually get cooler with this technology if the paint were applied to a variety of surfaces including roads, rooftops and cars all over the world, the researchers said.
An infrared camera image shows that white radiative cooling paint developed by Purdue University researchers (left, purple) can stay cooler in direct sunlight compared with commercial white paint.
In a paper published Wednesday (Oct. 21) in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science, the researchers show that compared with commercial white paint, the paint that they developed can maintain a lower temperature under direct sunlight and reflect more ultraviolet rays.
Their proof is infrared camera images taken of the two paints in rooftop experiments.
“An infrared camera gives you a temperature reading just like a thermometer would to judge if someone has a fever. These readings confirmed that our paint has a lower temperature than both its surroundings and the commercial counterpart,” Ruan said.
Reflects most of the sun’s heat
Commercial “heat rejecting paints” currently on the market reflect only 80% to 90% of sunlight and cannot achieve temperatures below their surroundings. The white paint that Purdue researchers created reflects 95.5% sunlight and efficiently radiates infrared heat.
Developing this paint formulation wasn’t easy. The six-year study builds on attempts going back to the 1970s to develop radiative cooling paint as a feasible alternative to traditional air conditioners.
Making the whitest of the white from seashells
The researchers considered over 100 different material combinations, narrowed them down to 10 and tested about 50 different formulations for each material. They landed on a formulation made of calcium carbonate, an earth-abundant compound commonly found in rocks and seashells.
This compound, used as the paint’s filler, allowed the formulation to behave essentially the same as commercial white paint but with greatly enhanced cooling properties. These calcium carbonate fillers absorb almost no ultraviolet rays due to a so-called large “band gap,” a result of their atomic structure. They also have a high concentration of particles that are different sizes, allowing the paint to scatter a wider range of wavelengths.
According to the researchers’ cost estimates, this paint would be both cheaper to produce than its commercial alternative and could save about a dollar per day that would have been spent on air conditioning for a one-story house of approximately 1,076 square feet.
“Your air conditioning kicks on mainly due to sunlight heating up the roof and walls and making the inside of your house feel warmer. This paint is basically creating free air conditioning by reflecting that sunlight and offsetting those heat gains from inside your house,” said Joseph Peoples, a Purdue Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering and a co-author of the work.
Cutting down on air conditioning also means using less energy produced by coal, which could lead to reduced carbon dioxide emissions, Peoples said. The researchers have further studies underway to evaluate these benefits.
Environmental artist and designer Pablo Solomon lives in the hot and arid American state of Texas. He doesn’t believe that white paint could put air conditioners out of commission in Houston:
“While painting surfaces white does reflect sunlight, it will not replace AC in Houston, Texas. Having lived much of my early life there, the heat is made more miserable by the high humidity. Also, although Houston is 50 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico, it is usually the first or second port by tonnage in the US due to it being accessible by the Houston Ship Channel being dredged from Buffalo Bayou and the San Jacinto River,” he tells Green Prophet.
He notes: “Houston’s weather is totally dominated and kept at subtropical warmth by the Gulf of Mexico. Normal humidity hovers around 80 plus percent. Downtown Houston is barely 50 feet above sea level and many of the suburbs toward the coast are less than that. Add all of the steel and concrete of America’s 4th largest city and AC is not a luxury, but a requirement.
“Thank heavens that new high efficiency AC units, double/triple paned windows and improved insulation cut energy use a lot. Also to put things in perspective, if you spin your home globe, you will see that Houston is the same latitude as Cairo and Saigon.”
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Have a passive energy solution to report? Email me [email protected]
Author: Karin Kloosterman
Karin Kloosterman is an award-winning journalist and publisher that founded Green Prophet to unite a prosperous Middle East. She shows through her work that positive, inspiring dialogue creates action that impacts people, business and planet. She has published in thought-leading newspapers and magazines globally, owns an IoT tech chip patent, and is part of teams that build world-changing products to make agriculture and our planet more sustainable. Reach out directly to [email protected]
